19th Century Drawing of Thomas Farm
Thomas Farm. The Thomas Farm property was also known as "Araby." The main brick house was probably built between 1770-1780.
Boundary of Araby Property - Public domain old map
Worthington Farm. Beginning in 1812, John McPherson, Jr. and his father, Colonel John McPherson, purchased and assembled adjacent tracts of land to create an approximately 1,111-acre tract that he called Araby.... More
National parks: Kitchen - public domain image
Fort Vancouver. The kitchen, originally built in 1837-1838 and reconstructed in 1976, is located to the back of the Chief Factor's House. It is connected to the main house by a short, enclosed passageway, which... More
Indian Trade Store - National Parks Gallery
Fort Vancouver. The original Indian Trade Shop and Dispensary was built during the years 1836-1841. The reconstruction was completed in 1981. It is a one and one-half story building of post-on-still constructio... More
National parks: Jail - public domain image
Fort Vancouver. The original jail was built between 1841 and 1844; this reconstruction dates to 2001. The gable roof has wood shingles and exposed rafters. Instead of windows, there are two square openings that... More
Fur Store, Fort Vancouver national historic site
Fort Vancouver. The fur warehouse was reconstructed in 1992-1994, based on the original warehouse built in 1841. It is the largest reconstructed building in the fort stockade and represents one of the four simi... More
Bakehouse and Two Privies - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...
Fort Vancouver. The bakehouse, originally built in 1844, was reconstructed in 1974. The building is a one and one-half story, rectangular building with a gable roof and lean-to over back ovens. Wood shingles co... More
Restored Well and Reconstructed Well Sweep
Fort Vancouver. The well is the only original structure remaining in the Hudson's Bay Company stockade. Originally built around 1845, it was excavated in 1955 and rehabilitated in 1974. It was historically used... More
Counting House, Fort Vancouver national historic site
Fort Vancouver. The original counting house was built in 1845. This structure, reconstructed in 2003, is a one and one-half story building. The hip roof has wood shingles and exposed rafters. Exterior walls are... More
B&O Railroad Bridge Sketch, ca. 1896
Monocacy National Battlefield. The wooden railroad bridge across the Monocacy River was replaced by an iron bridge in the mid-1850s. The Union army placed their 24-pound howitzer to "defend the two bridges and ... More
Train station Monocacy Junction, ca. 1872 - Public domain photograph.
Monocacy National Battlefield. This Monocacy Junction station building replaced the one that burned in 1864. Until 1873, all trains from the west heading to Baltimore or Washington, D.C. went via the Monocacy J... More
Soldiers' Monument, National Parks gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The monument was placed near the siege area in 1883, marking the end of the period of historical significance (1877-1883). It bears an inscription that honored the U.S. soldi... More
Franklin D. Roosevelt home: Old Barn
Bellefield. When Thomas Newbold acquired the property in 1885, only the Mansion and the Old Barn existed. The barn was most likely built in the early 1800s. It was used to store hay and contained three horse s... More
Site Plan of the Cultural Landscape
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. An overhead view shows the Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House cultural landscape, including the surrounding lands and some of the large features and structures within the lands... More
Chautauqua Plat - Public domain vintage map
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. Henry B. Looker's 1891 Map of the Grounds of the National Chautauqua of Glen Echo. The cultural landscape site is at the left, with the circular Chautauqua Amphitheater laid o... More
Araby Mill, ca. 1893 - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Monocacy National Battlefield. Between 1830 and 1835, John McPherson Jr. established a mill on this property. It was built at the same time as the B&O Railroad, probably to take advantage of the site's proximit... More
Gravel Driveway at the Clara Barton House
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. The circular graveled driveway at the Clara Barton National Historic Site existed during the historic period. The driveway was likely created in the spring or early summer of ... More
Glen Echo Park Map - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. A site plan shows features and arrangement of the cultural landscape, ca. 1997. The unmarked structure at the right once housed the park's "Kiddieland" attraction, but it was ... More
Georgetown Pike, ca. 1900 - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...
Monocacy National Battlefield. The Georgetown Pike, circa 1900. This road was the primary north-south highway between Fredrick County and Washington, D.C. Note the stone walls lining the road. Many of these wal... More
Current Picnic Grove - National Parks Gallery
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. The large historic and specimen trees provide shade in the Picnic Grove section of Glen Echo Park. When the Baltzley brothers began to develop the land, the site was wooded. T... More
Hydraulic Dive - National Parks Gallery
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. Left: A drawing from Lorenzo Shaw's 1907 patent application for the "Hydraulic Dive" from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; Right: Visitors to the Glen Echo amusement park... More
Soldiers' Monument, National Parks gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The monument was placed in 1883, marking the end of the period of historical significance (1877-1883). After this period and in contrast to the War Department's narrow focus ... More
Bellefield Mansion from Main Entry Drive
Bellefield. The mansion was one of the structures existing on the property when Thomas Newbold gained ownership. It was originally built by Judge John Johnston as a Federal style house in 1795-96. It was renova... More
Beatrix Farrand Garden Paths - Public domain drawing
Bellefield. Circulation was a strong component of the design of Beatrix Farrand's Formal Garden. While her plan has not been found, photos show a rectilinear path system. The layout of the gardens and paths cre... More
Clara Barton House - National Parks Gallery
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. The Clara Barton House was built in 1891 and is a fine example of late 19th-century American vernacular architecture. Its wood-framed exterior walls are made of lumber salvage... More
Baker Farm seen from Hill Farm at Monocacy
Monocacy National Battlefield. Panoramic views of the battlefield and scenery of the valley are possible from several areas of the battlefield landscape, including the Hill Farm.
View from the Howitzer Site - Public Domain image, National Parks Gall...
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. Views from the trail near the howitzer capture site continue to convey the importance of this strategic location for the battle outcome. Colonel Gibbon gave instructions for ... More
View from the Twin Trees Area toward the Encampment Site
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. Views into and within the siege area are filtered through the trunks of pine trees. The open character of this area influenced the battle outcome, allowing visibility and lin... More
Fort Vancouver Cultural Landscape - Public domain map
Fort Vancouver. A closer look at the boundary of the Fort Vancouver component landscape identifies some of the reconstructed features that suggest the historic landscape, including the fort stockade, garden, or... More
Front Entrance Path - National Parks Gallery
Fort Vancouver. The entrance path to the fort is considered a compatible feature of the historic landscape. The north entrance to the fort was historically accessed by a wagon road, about 12-15 feet wide and pr... More
View of the Walker Visitor & Education Center from Bellefield Mansion
Bellefield. The historic view from the rear of Bellefield was significantly diminished with the addition of the Wallace Visitor & Education Center and parking lot in 2000. Located in the southwest corner of the... More
View from the Howitzer Capture site
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. When Colonel Gibbon moved his men on the night before battle, he gave instruction that the howitzer team follow with the gun at daybreak. This would allow for the surprise at... More
Worthington Farm Landscape at Monocacy
Worthington Farm. The entry lane leads to the main house of Worthington Farm. This view, looking west, captures the agricultural fields, forest edges, and circulation systems beyond the house. The house is the ... More
New Garage - National Parks Gallery
Bellefield. The New Garage was designed by the firm McKim, Mead, and White and constructed in 1916-17. It is a one and one-half story field stone structure located near the Old Barn. This is one of the structur... More
View from the Siege Area - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. View from the siege area across the encampment area, toward the gulch used by the Nez Perce to escape the battle. The gulch is outside of the park boundary and is considered ... More
View from the Howitzer Site - Public Domain image, National Parks Gall...
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The view of the battle area from the howitzer site conveys the strategic significance of this position and the importance of the gun's capture by a group of Nez Perce. Today,... More
Franklin D. Roosevelt home: Entrance Drive
Bellefield. The U-shaped main entrance drive leads to the Colonial Revival style mansion. The formal character of the estate was reinforced by the Main Entrance Drive. It is thought that the road was laid out b... More
Worthington Farm and Monocacy Location Map
Worthington Farm. Monocacy Battlefield is comprised of six properties: the Baker, Best, Lewis, Thomas, and Worthington Farms, as well as the Gambrill Mill tract. The agricultural landscape served as the stage f... More
Formal Garden with Elm - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Bellefield. The formal garden extends from the south end of the mansion. It is maintained to reflect the original character of the garden based on historic photos. Designed by Beatrix Farrand, it is open in cha... More
Agricultural Landscape at Monocacy
Monocacy National Battlefield. The agricultural character of the landscape today reflects its historic appearance at the time of the Civil War Battle of Monocacy.
Well and Well Head - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Bellefield. This Well and Wellhead, located in the West Lawn, existed during the Newbold ownership. It has an ornate concrete Roman wellhead. The rear lawn that extended from the west side of the mansion also c... More
Landscape Site Plan. - Public domain geographic map
Worthington Farm. The National Park Service purchased 280 acres of the Worthington property in 1982. Although the farm has lost some of the features that existed during the Civil War battle, the landscape retai... More
Nez Perce Encampment - National Parks Gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield. Lodge at the northern edge of the Nez Perce camp, looking north. The Nez Perce had arranged their 89 lodges beside the river, where they intended to camp for several days. In th... More
Osage Orange Stand - National Parks Gallery
Worthington Farm. Osage orange trees line the sunken road. These may mark areas that were used for grazing, as corrals, or areas that needed protection from livestock. These were commonly used as hedging during... More
Lodges at the Nez Perce Encampment Site
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. These represent the lodges of Chief Joseph (right) and Ollocot (left) at the Nez Perce encampment. When the group made camp here in August of 1877, most had been on the move ... More
The Big Hole River from the Footbridge
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. One of the trails through the landscape crosses the river on a footbridge, offering a view of the natural systems that contributed to the site's historic character.
A View of Natural Systems of the Cultural Landscape
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The difficult terrain of the landscape included dense willows, boggy ground, mud, and water. Army soldiers retreated across this toward the siege area, and what might otherwi... More
Village Entrance Gate - National Parks Gallery
Fort Vancouver. The original Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) Village Entry Gate was built around the 1830s. This reconstruction dates to 2001. The gate is outside the stockade at the village site, at the junction of... More
Panoramic View of the Main Entrace, Hot Springs Arkansas
Bathhouse Row. The main entrance is framed by Maurice Bathhouse (left) and Fordyce Bathhouse (left), the latter of which also serves as the NPS Visitor Center. The entrance walkway is marked by matching stone p... More
Buildings at Worthington Farm - Public Domain image, National Parks Ga...
Worthington Farm. The main house is the only remaining building that existed at the time of the Civil War. During the historic period, buildings were a defining characteristic of the property, and a mid-1800s a... More
Map of Component Landscapes of Monocacy
Monocacy National Battlefield. The parent cultural landscape contains four component landscapes, defined by individual histories, characteristics, and conditions and contributing to the significance or the park... More
Allee on Main Entry Road - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Bellefield. The formal appearance of the front of the property continues to be an important aspect of Bellefield's historic character. Many plants and vegetative features from the period of significance continu... More
Lodgepole Pine Forest in the Siege Area
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. A contemporary view shows the open character of the lodgepole forest in the siege area. Lodgepole pines were important both as a resource for the Nez Perce and as an element ... More
Lodges at the Encampment Site - Public Domain image, National Parks Ga...
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. On August 9th and 10th of 1877, members of the 7th U.S. Infantry led by Lt. Colonel John Gibbon launched a surprise, pre-dawn attack on the Nez Perce as they camped on the ba... More
Hot Springs national park - Site Plan, Hot Springs Arkansas
Bathhouse Row. A site plan shows the cluster arrangement of bathhouses in the context of downtown Hot Springs. Although the eight existing bathhouses were built independently under separate owners and with indi... More
Cultural Landscape Hierarchy Map - Public domain map
Fort Vancouver. The Fort Vancouver cultural landscape, outlined in red, is one component within the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. The overall area has a concentration of historic buildings, reconstruct... More
River Near the Encampment - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. A view of the river from the Nez Perce encampment area shows willow thickets huddled along the river bank. The Nez Perce camped along the river bottom, where they incorporate... More
Siege Area, National Parks gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. A view of Battle Mountain and the siege area from the Nez Perce Camp, looking west. Following the initial ambush, the Nez Perce warriors regrouped and returned the attack. T... More
Twin Trees, National Parks gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The twin trees were two large fir trees high on a slope above the river. At the time of the battle, they stood out for their size and their isolation from the surrounding for... More
Rifle Pits in the Siege Area - Public Domain image, National Parks Gal...
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. A significant portion of the battle narrative concerns the time that army soldiers spent besieged in rifle pits. Facing significant pressure from the Nez Perce, the soldiers ... More
Formal Road Frontage - National Parks Gallery
Bellefield. The formal area surrounding the mansion and facing the road is dominated by a sweeping lawn, tree-lined entry drive, and views of the Colonial Revival style mansion. Although its function has change... More
Big Hole National Battlefield Site Landscape
Big Hole National Battlefield was the site of a battle on August 9-10, 1877 between the U.S. Army with Montana citizen volunteers and the Nez Perce people. It was part of a five-month conflict during which the ... More
Baker Farm Building Cluster - Public Domain image, National Parks Gall...
Monocacy National Battlefield. Farmstead clusters on the battlefield property had been determined by site topography and the course of the river. The clusters marked the central core of the farms. Today, only ... More
Brickwork of the Grand Promenade, Hot Springs Arkansas
Bathhouse Row. In general, the circulation features of bathhouse Row and the surrounding landscape provide the same overall sensation that was experienced during the historic periods. This includes the pedestri... More
Fenced Field near Fort Vancouver
Fort Vancouver. Several fields around the fort that would have been cultivated fields during the HBC era have been delineated by fences. The park limits mowing in order to allow vegetation to grow to several fe... More
Hermitage Building Cluster - National Parks Gallery
Monocacy National Battlefield. The cluster arrangement that can still be seen at a few farmsteads within the battlefield was a defining characteristic of the historic landscape. The cluster at Hermitage is the ... More
Beaver Dam, National Parks gallery
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The camp site provided water, fish, beaver, and over small game for the Nez Perce. Natural systems continue to be evident across the cultural landscape. These features and sy... More
National parks: Garden - public domain image
Fort Vancouver. An interpretive garden was planted in 1974 to the north of the fort reconstruction. Although its location and size are not historic, it is in the general location of the historic garden and plan... More
Timber Footbridge - National parks scenic trails
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. The timber footbridge that leads out of the parking lot is a non-contributing feature of the cultural landscape. One of two pedestrian trails originating at the parking lot, ... More
Stevens Balustrade along the Grand Promenade, Hot Springs Arkansas
Bathhouse Row. The Stevens Balustrade is terraced into the hillside behind the bathhouses through the use of steps, walls, and a landing. It unites the Formal Entrance, between two of the bathhouses, with the r... More
Contemporary View of the Dentzel Carousel
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. The Dentzel Carousel, installed in 1921, continues to operate seasonally. The carousel has housed several different models of organ during its operation and has undergone vari... More
The Dentzel Carousel, ca. 1925 - Public Domain image, National Parks G...
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. Children ride the Dentzel Carousel ca. 1925, four years after its installation at the Glen Echo amusement park. Many of the amusement park rides have been removed since the pa... More
Cold Frames - National Parks Gallery
Bellefield. Cold frames (hot beds) were most likely added during the Morgan tenure (1929-1975). Located near the Pump House, these were used and maintained by the gardener on the property. The two frames were c... More
View from Araby Farm, ca. 1934 - Public Domain image, National Parks G...
Monocacy National Battlefield. View from Araby farm fields looking west, ca. 1934. Between 1812 and 1832, John McPherson and his son assembled various portions of tracts to create a 1,111-acre property that cam... More
View from Araby Mill, ca. 1934 - Public Domain image, National Parks G...
Monocacy National Battlefield. View northwest from Araby Mill, circa 1934. The water towers of the railroad junction can be seen in the middle left distance and the turnpike bridge and turnpike beyond can be se... More
Aerial View of Glen Echo Park, ca. 1935
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. An aerial view taken in the mid-1930s shows Barton's former pasture in the process of being transformed into a new parking lot for the Glen Echo amusement park. The treeless l... More
Trolley at the Entrance to Glen Echo Park in 1939
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. A trolley at the historic east entrance to Glen Echo park in 1939.
The Magnolia Promenade in the late 1940s, Hot Springs Arkansas
Bathhouse Row. A row of evenly-spaced magnolia trees was planted along the east side of Central Avenue, between the road and the main sidewalk. In 1922, the young trees had matured to the point that park servic... More
Glen Echo Park Concession Stand
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. The marquee-style neon "Popcorn" sign is one of the most notable features of the Administration Building, which was designed and built in 1940. It is a prominent example of Ar... More
Beatrix Farrand Garden Path/Allee, 1943
Bellefield. During the period of Morgan ownership (1929 - 1975), the manicured lawns and formal garden continued to be maintained in the same manner. Both the Newbolds and the Morgans had a property superintend... More
The Trolley to Glen Echo Park, Today
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. Many of the cultural landscape's historic circulation routes are still in place at the site. Glen Echo Park's longstanding association with the suburban Washington, D.C. troll... More
Trolley Right-of-Way at Glen Echo Park
Glen Echo Park-Clara Barton House. The trolley right-of-way was located in front of the historic east entrance to Glen Echo Park, ca. 1900. This entrance was serviced by trollies running between Washington, D.C... More
Franklin D. Roosevelt home: Orchard Remnants
Bellefield. The orchard in the rear lawn contains six trees. In 1999, the orchard contained twelve trees, four of which were potentially historic. Several young trees were planted as replacements. In 2005, when... More
Worthington House, National Parks gallery
Worthington Farm. The main house was built between 1847 and 1852. When the NPS purchased the property in 1982, the Worthington House was in poor condition, as seen in the top image. The main house was stabilize... More
Fort Vancouver Landscape - National Parks Gallery
Fort Vancouver. Fort Vancouver is a component landscape within Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. It is part of a larger historic district that was listed on the National Register in 2007. As part of that n... More
Site Map of Big Hole National Battlefield
Big Hole National Battlefield Site. A map for the 2008 Cultural Landscapes Inventory depicts the Montana landscape. The battlefield is in a tributary valley of Big Hole basin, characterized by varying vegetatio... More
Map of the Reservation Front, Hot Springs Arkansas
Bathhouse Row. A site plan of the Reservation Front from the 2010 Cultural Landscape Report includes the landscape character areas of the Bathhouse Row cultural landscape. There are six landscape character area... More
Site Plan Detail of Worthington Farm
Worthington Farm. A site plan from the 2013 Cultural Landscape Inventory report shows features of the cultural landscape, including circulation, vegetation, topography, structures, and views.