Jean Paul Marat, né à Genève l'an 1743, député du dépt. de Paris à la ...
Forms part of: French Political Cartoon Collection (Library of Congress). Exhibited: "Representing Revolution : French & British Images, 1789-1804" at the Mead Art Museum, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachuset... More
Enjambée de la sainte famille des Thuilleries à Montmidy
Print shows Marie Antoinette taking an enormous step from the rooftop of the Tuileries Palace in Paris to Montmédy, she is holding the royal scepter, from which the tip has broken off, in her right hand, Louis ... More
L'entreé-franche - je me suis ruine pour l'en gresser - la fin du comp...
Print shows Louis XVI as a pig with fish on his head forming the horns of cuckoldry, on a hind leg is a tether held by a man of the Third Estate. de Vinck, 3989 Forms part of: French Political Cartoon Collecti... More
France ; England. Book illustration from Library of Congress, British ...
Political cartoon showing "France" with man kneeling and presenting crown to old woman on throne with other women standing, three of them with heads on poles. "England" with man sitting on crate "general excise... More
Reponce à l'auteur de la chronique, qui appelle bombe la bulle du Pape...
Print shows the Pope sitting on the right blowing bubbles representing Papal briefs condemning members of the clergy who took the oath to the new civil constitution, and on the left, an allegorical figure repre... More
Grande armée du cidev. [i.e., au cidevant] L[e] Prince de Condé
Cartoon showing the Prince de Condé (Louis-Joseph) smoking a long pipe and reviewing his army, represented as miniature soldiers, as they are unpacked from a crate by a young bare-breasted woman and a military ... More
Ha je seront ben content quand j'aurons tous ces papiers la - le treso...
Print shows a cleric, an aristocrat, and a member of the Third Estate who is pulling on a rope tied to a bundle of papers including the "Nouvelle Constitution" and "Vœux de la Nation" which are held aloft by a ... More
Mirabeau pere du peuple / Lacaille sculp cit.
Print shows Mirabeau, bust portrait, left profile, in medallion. Purchase; Denenberg Fine Arts; 1984; (DLC/PP-1984:180). Forms part of: French Political Cartoon Collection (Library of Congress).
La Contre revolution. Book illustration from Library of Congress
Cartoon showing clergy, nobility, and fugitive counterrevolutionaries, who were against the reforms of the revolution, walking in procession along the Rhine River toward a man, on the left, holding a paper that... More
Epouventail de la nation - A drawing of a man standing in a field
Print shows an effigy of the marquis de Lafayette as the scarecrow of the nation (upper torso on a post stuck in tall grass on a river bank at the border, wearing military uniform, brandishing a sword) attempti... More
L'Attaque de la constitution - A painting of a group of people on a be...
Cartoon showing clergy, nobility, and fugitive counterrevolutionaries, carrying flags labeled "Vive la noblesse et le Clerge", "Lettre Pastorale", and "Voincre ou Courir", attacking a rock, identified as the "C... More
D'Aguesseau sauve la France pendant la famine 1709 / Desfontaines delt...
Henri-François d'Aguesseau authorizing the removal of grain from a storage facility during the famine of 1709. Illus. in: Portraits des grands hommes, femmes illustres, et sujets mémorables de France : gravés e... More
L'Ordre et la marche des puissances coalisees contre la France / compo...
Print shows an allegorical female figure riding in a chariot drawn by mules with the crowned heads of kings of various European countries; it is following three hags leading the way to the temple of folly in th... More
Marie Antoinette, late queen of France / drawn & engraved by J. Conde.
Print shows Marie Antoinette, half-length, facing slightly left. Printed at top: Engraved for Monthly Beauties.
La reine à la conciergerie / Tiré du Cabinet de Mr. l'Abbé Carron ; Pr...
Print shows Marie Antoinette, head-and-shoulders portrait, turned to the right, facing front, in a prison cell at the Conciergerie. Trimmed to within plate mark. de Vinck, 541 Exhibited: "Representing Revoluti... More
The End of Pain. The last speech, dying words, and confession of T.P. ...
Cartoon showing Thomas Paine being hanged. Forms part of : British Cartoon Prints Collection (Library of Congress).
French liberty, British Cartoon Print, engraving, Library of Congress
Print shows, on the right "Liberty is torn from her Temple by a hired band of Ruffians bound & going to be Sacrificed to the rage of these Ignorant People; ..." and on the left, artists and artisans, a mother w... More
Compulsion pour ces gens que n'attend pas la libertie / TC.
Print shows a tattered group of soldiers, one with peg leg, following a cart drawn by hooded executioners; chains, an axe, and a gibbet are visible among the items in the cart. On the far right, a pile of dead ... More
[L'Ordre et la marche des puissances coalisees contre la France] / com...
Print shows an allegorical female figure riding in a chariot drawn by mules with the crowned heads of kings of various European countries; it is following three hags leading the way to the temple of folly in th... More
French happiness - English misery / IC.
Print shows, on the left, four ragged and starving sansculottes fighting over a frog, a cat has dropped dead at their feet, and scenes of death in the background; on the right, a scene in an English tavern with... More
Vue de la montagne elevée au champ de la reunion
Print shows the Festival of the Supreme Being, inspired by Robespierre, planned by Jacques Louis David, to commemorate the second year of the Republic; a female figure, representing France, riding on a cart wit... More
M.M.J. Robespierre Député de l'Artois, à l'Assemblée Nationale en 1789...
Print shows Maximilien Robespierre, head-and-shoulders portrait, right profile, in oval. de Vinck, 6533 Forms part of: French Political Cartoon Collection (Library of Congress). Exhibited: "Representing Revolu... More
La grande aiguiserie royale de poignards Anglais
Print shows George III, identified as "Georges Dandin", inside a large wheel driving a grinding stone at which stands William Pitt sharpening a knife. Caption continues: Le fameux Ministre Pitt aiguisant les p... More
L'Intérieur du comité révolutionnaire. Scène derniere
Print shows two men pointing out others among a group of revolutionaries to be arrested, perhaps as a backlash to the reign of terror instigated by Robespierre and his followers. Overlooking the scene from a sh... More
Pariser poisarden / C. Katz, [s. or f.]c.
Satire on revolutionaries. Possibly by Cornelis Katz. Purchase; Kunsthandel Antiquariaat Sothmann; 1985; (DLC/PP-1985:398).
L'Intérieur du comité révolutionnaire. Scène derniere
Print shows two men pointing out others among a group of revolutionaries to be arrested, perhaps as a backlash to the reign of terror instigated by Robespierre and his followers. Overlooking the scene from a sh... More
Fouquier-Thinville jugé par le tribunal révolutionnaire, le 12 Floréal...
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville on trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal in the third year of the Republic. Plate from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques de la révolution française. Paris, chez A... More
Jeu géographique de la République Française : présenté à la Convention...
Scales vary. Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially on some maps. Consists of maps of the departments of France in a spiral arrangement designed as a game. Includes text of game rules and indexed table of admin... More
Maria Antoinette, Queen of France / Leney sc.
Print shows Marie Antoinette, half-length portrait, facing front, wearing a cameo necklace and a hat with feathers or feathers in her hair; in oval medallion. Trimmed to within plate mark. Lacking publication ... More
Papiers monnoies et autres de la Republique Française / gravé par I. H...
Print shows a trompe-l'oeil presentation of many French revolutionary assignats in various demoninations, issued between 1789 and 1795. Paper is watermarked, but difficult to distinguish.
[Du pain et la constitution de LXXXXIII] / dessiné par C. Monnet ; gra...
Print shows the Assemblée nationale législative meeting in a large room crowded with French citizens, many of them armed with swords and pikes, one holding aloft a victim's head on a pike, another firing a rifl... More
L'Anarchiste. Je les trompe tous deux / Son. Petit, peintre, sculpsit.
Two faced figure of anarchist deceiving figures representing Republicans and Jacobins.
Le traité de paix avec Rome - baisez ca papa, et faite pate de velour ...
Print shows on the left, a cat, representing Pope Pius VI, and on the right, a rooster, representing Napoleon I, holding a bundle of dried twigs and telling the cat to retract its claws, resulting in the Treaty... More
La chose impossible, ou la commission des finances telle quil la faudr...
Print shows four bare-bottomed men, the ministers of finances, sitting around a table restoring their good health on the produce of other nations; as they consume the "Eau de la Plata" and "Eau du Sénégal," the... More
Epoque du 30 Floreal l'an 5 de la République Française
Print shows on the left, a female figure representing the Republic of France drawing a slip of paper from an urn labeled "Directoire de la République Francaise" with Etienne-François-Louis-Honoré Le Tourneur's ... More
Le meâ culpâ du Pape / S. L'amerique inv. sculp.
Print shows Pope Pius VI on his knees being reprimanded by God, in the form of a bird, after giving up art treasures as a result of the Treaty of Tolentino. de Vinck, 6899 Forms part of: French Political Carto... More
Arriere garde du Pape, ou la frayer du reverend pere caporal
Print shows the ragged rear-guard troops of the Pope's army cowering as they retreat from the advancing French army lead by the handsome and well-dressed Napoleon Bonaparte emerging on the left through billowin... More
Ah! s'il y voyoit! / Vincent ino. et del. ; Commarieux sculpt.
Print shows two fashionably dressed women walking on a country road, one is carrying a purse on her left hand; they ignore a "blind" beggar with a small dog on a leash and holding a cup and stick in right hand.... More
Le Boureau / Js. Gy. d. & ft., British Cartoon Print, James Gillray
Cartoon shows George Tierney dressed as an executioner standing next to a guillotine with a crowd of liberty-capped citizens in the background. One of a series of twelve: French Habits, No. 6. Forms part of: Br... More
C.G. Lamoignon de Malesherbes - né a Paris le 6 Décembre 1721 ; mort l...
Print shows the apotheosis of Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, bust portrait, left profile among clouds above allegorical scene with a sarcophagus on which is a reclining female figure holding an... More
New morality; or The promis'd installment of the high-priest of the Th...
Print shows French politician and Theophilanthropist Louis Marie la Révellière-Lépaux standing on a three-legged stool perched upon a stone dais reading Religion de la N[ature] to surrounding caricatures of peo... More
Member of the riding house at Paris, delivering an harangue from the s...
Print shows a member of the new French aristocracy wearing a Phrygian or Liberty cap with circular emblem (Liberté - Egalité - Fraternité) riding on the back of a French citizen; he implores, "Messrs. of the me... More
Represantant d'une grande nation / J. Cooke, sculpt., 40 Howland St.
"A grotesque monster, nude and hairy, representing the Constitution of the Year III, stands against the trunk of L'Arbre de Liberté (right) with upraised hands. The tree, Emblême de l'Arbre de Connoissance, has... More
Vie de Bonaparte, premier Consul de la République française / dessiné ...
Print shows twenty-four numbered scenes depicting events in the life of Napoleon I. Scene number two shows Napoleon with his sword endeavoring to cut a hole in a balloon in which he was not allowed to ascend. ... More
Bonaparte, premier consul de la Republique Française -- revue du quint...
Print shows Napoleon Bonaparte, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left, in medallion above scene depicting troop review. Déposé à la Bibliotheque Nle. le 29 Thermidor An X. Trimmed to within plate mark. de V... More
Lagrange (northn. view) / A. Fisher, pinxt. ; Lith. de Villain ; Deroy...
Northern view Lagrange, home of Marquis de Lafayette. . Public domain scan of lithograph illustration, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Société d'expériences aérostatiques Direction 24 rue Maubeuge, Paris.
Advertisement showing a balloon with several persons standing in the basket, one climbing the ropes just above the basket. Tricolor banners hanging from the balloon announce the "Société d'expériences aerostati... More
Lagrange (eastn. view) / A. Fisher, pinxt. ; Deroy, delt.
Eastern view of Lagrange, home of Marquis de Lafayette. Public domain scan of lithograph illustration, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Le Triomphe de la religion - Public domain dedication image
Cartoon shows Pope Pius VII, Cardinal Caprara, and other members of the clergy seeking to receive the spirit of light from the beneficial rays emanating from a dove at top center, parting the dark clouds of ign... More
Consular coachmanship!!, British Cartoon Print
Print shows Josephine standing in a carriage on the left which is drawn by four "unruly" horses, two are labeled "A Jacobin" and "A Royalist"; Napoleon, having been tossed onto the back of a bull, probably repr... More
General Monkey and General Wolfe!!, British Cartoon Print
Print shows Napoleon I, wearing a large hat, carrying a long sword, and having a body where his shoulders rest on his waist, cowering before the large ogre-like figure of John Bull. Forms part of: British Cart... More
Mr. Spéroni, nonce apostolique, porte-croix de Notre St. Père Le Pape
Print shows a papal nuncio, Mr. Speroni, on horseback being led by a guard, carrying the cross of the Pope to the coronation of Napoleon I at Notre Dame cathedral. He is following the papal carriage carrying th... More
Attaque de la Convention Nationale ; journée mémorable du 13 Vendémiai...
Print shows an uprising in Paris on October 5, 1795 on the rue Saint-Honoré, in front of the Church of Saint-Roch, between factions after the vote on the constitution was announced. Plate from: Collection comp... More
Mr. Speroni nce. apostolique, porte croix du Pape, précédant sa sainte...
Print shows a papal nuncio, Mr. Speroni, on horseback passing between two guards, carrying the cross of the Pope to the coronation of Napoleon I at Notre Dame cathedral. Forms part of: French Political Cartoon... More
Attaque de Nantes par les Vendéens, le 29 Juin 1793, ou 11 Messidor an...
Plate from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques de la Révolution Française. Paris : Chez Auber, 1804. Gift; Joseph Verner Reed; 1955 July 22.
Travaux du Champ de Mars pour la federation du 14 Juillet 1790 / Prieu...
Print shows many people working to transform the Champ de Mars into a place suitable for the fête de la fédération, on the anniversary of the fall of the Bastille, commemorating the establishment of the constit... More
Proclamation de la Constitution, place du Marché des Innocens, le 14 s...
Print shows a large crowd hearing the news that the new constitution is proclaimed, substantially reducing the power of the monarchy. Illustration from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques de la révol... More
Fête des victoires, combat des jeunes élèves au Champ de Mars. Le 21 O...
Print shows a victory celebration festival with a reenactment of a battle on the 21st of October 1794 Plate from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques de la Révolution Française. Paris : Chez Auber, 18... More
Premiere séance de l'institut National ; le 15 Germinal, An 4eme de la...
Print shows a large group of men seated in two u-shaped rows along the sides and back of a large hall with a barrel ceiling and with statuary in alcoves set off by columns, a crowded third row of standing-room-... More
The genius of France nursing her darling / T.B.:-d-lle delt., British ...
Cartoon showing France, a savage virago, dandling a tiny Napoleon seated on her hand and wearing a royal robe over his military dress. Above her head she holds a rattle with bells surmounted by a crown. She gri... More
Cloture de la salle des Jacobins, dans la nuit du 27 au 28 Juillet 179...
Title translated: Closing of the hall of the Jacobins, in the night of the 27th or 28th July 1794 or 9 or 10th Thermidor year 2 of the Republic. Illustration from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques ... More
Intérieur d'un comité révolutionnaire sous le régime de la terreur / F...
Print shows the interior of a room used by the Revolutionary committee during the Reign of Terror; citizens enter on the left and submit their appeals, then procede along the table where judgment is pronounced ... More
Les dames de la Halle partant pour aller chercher le Roi a Versailles,...
Print shows a large procession of women and some members of the National Guard, with a carriage and a covered wagon, marching to Versailles. Illustration from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques de l... More
Robespierre amené blessé, dans l'anti-salle du comité de Salut public ...
Maximilien Robespierre, laying wounded on a table in the anteroom of the Committee of Public Safety. Plate from: Collection complète des tableaux historiques de la révolution française. Paris, chez Auber, 1804, no. 107.
Le pied de nez de Milord Pit - Public domain dedication image
Cartoon shows Napoleon I, wearing laurel wreath and ermine robe, pushing down one side of scale with his sword, which lifts two frightened monarchs, on the other side, off the ground; in the background stands a... More
Ci-devant occupations-or-Madame Taliah and the Empress Josephine danci...
Josephine and Madame Tallien dance naked behind transparent drapery while Napoleon and Barras watch. Forms part of : British Cartoon Prints Collection (Library of Congress).
Voilà la plus cuite, mon Empereur!
Print shows Napoleon stopping at an evening mealtime bivouac to converse with the rank and file soldiers who offer him one of their potatoes. Déposé. Forms part of: French Political Cartoon Collection (Library... More
Tiddy-Doll, the great French gingerbread-baker; drawing out a new batc...
Print shows Napoleon standing before a large "New French Oven for Imperial Gingerbread" drawing out a freshly baked kings labeled "Bavaria, Wirtembg, [and] Baden." On the left, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Pér... More
Les formes acerbes / Me. Poirier de Dunkerque, avocat, invt., publié l...
Print shows Joseph Le Bon, as a shirtless, crazed madman, standing on a pile of decapitated bodies between two guillotines, he is drinking blood from a chalice as he fills another chalice with the blood spewing... More
Le cauchemar Jeu jeu jeune homme, prends ces gou gou gouttes.
Print shows an author lying on a bed being comforted by a friend after being accused of plagiarism by Truth hovering overhead; on the left is a male figure wearing a horned crown labeled "Plagiar[...]; on the l... More
[Fortification on the outskirts of Paris. Section, elevation, and plan...
Plate 35. "From the collection of the Dukes of Wellington, Stratfield Saye." Title, date and provenance information from the donor's inventory. Kenneth H. Walker Collection. Item conserved and/or rehoused. Se... More
Le Carnaval de 1814, ou Le marcaroni Impérial
Cartoon shows Napoleon and Cambacérès as a harlequin and punch, respectively; between them is a table on which is a map of Europe. Cambacérès ladles out a macaroni soup comprised of the unpopular actions and ev... More
Vive le roi! ou, Les spéculateurs & les politiques en défaut
Three men reading broadside from Louis XVIII and addresses of the provisional government of France.
Le tigre enchainé - A group of men in uniforms standing next to each o...
Cartoon showing Napoleon I as a tiger in chains held by a British officer holding a whip; two men representing Russia and Austria play musical instruments nearby. DeVinck, 9800 Forms part of: French Political C... More
Le lutrin - A group of people standing next to each other
Print shows a group of choristers standing before a lectern on which is sheet music; two small children wrestle on a bench near the lectern.
La Poire était mûre - A drawing of a pear on a branch
A ripe pear, with profile of Napoleon between leaf and branch, falling from a branch.
Le peuple sous l'ancien Regime - A drawing of a man being carried by a...
Cartoon shows Louis XVI, a bishop, and a member of the aristocracy riding on the back of a man, representing the people, who's blindfolded and in chains and crawling on his hands and knees. de Vinck, 10309 Pur... More
Et l'on revient toujours A ses premiers amours.
Cartoon showing Napoleon I stepping down from throne into a marsh filled with frogs; in his left hand he holds a long pike with a liberty cap on top at which he is looking. DeVinck, 9541 Purchase; S. Emmering; ... More
Proverbes no. 5 -- Naissance de la renommée ou d'un sac à charbon il n...
Print shows Minerva vomiting in a bed after giving birth to Fame who lies crying into a trumpet in a cradle next to her. (DLC/PP-1921:R2.108). Forms part of: French Political Cartoon Collection (Library of Congress).
Justice rendue au courage - A drawing of a man standing on top of a ta...
Print shows Minerva or Justice crowning an Ultra royalist on the left with an over-sized candle snuffer or extinguisher and an officer of the empire on the right with a laurel wreath.
[Windmill on the hill of Montmartre]
Picryl description: Public domain illustrated book page scan, free to use, no copyright restrictions drawing image.
Louis XVI repousse l'accusation d'avoir fait tirer sur le peuple / Ary...
Louis XVI, seated in the foreground on the right, responding to accusations presented by the people of France. In album: French Revolution. Forms part of: John Davis Batchelder Collection (Library of Congress).
La patrie est en danger / F. d'Orléans, j[ui]n 1830.
French political cartoon uses a scene from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels to compare the situation surrounding the 1830 July Revolution in France to the time when l'Assemblée (the French revolutionary gove... More
Dix-neuvième ascension de Mr. Margat, l'aéronaute ...
Text-only broadside announcing a balloon ascension by Jean Margat in France. Text includes statement by the balloonist. Includes statement by Margat: Les preuves de bienveillance et d'intérêt que j'ai reçues, ... More
Les quatre éléments. Louis était un enfant léger qui n'apportait aucum...
French comic strip shows a young boy, "Louis," who decides to apply himself at school after unfortunate experiences with the four elements. Louis learns about fire by getting burned while working for a baker; a... More
Jean François Millet - [Woman milking] / J.F.M.
This record contains unverified, preliminary data. Title from P&P Bradley collection inventory card. No. 211. George Lothrop Bradley Collection, no. LC B 1507. Manuscript accounts on verso. Bequest, George Loth... More
Je reprend avec orgueil ces couleurs glorieuses que j'ai long-tems por...
Print shows Louis Philippe, full-length portrait, facing front, standing with a barricade behind him, with right arm across chest, and holding the French Flag with his left hand. Printed on lower right: Parole... More
La paix sera desormais une verite (comme le charte) / J.J. Grandville ...
Print shows a procession with "Porteurs du dais" (the man on the left looks like Jean-Charles Persil), "Le Président" (Casimer Périer), "Porteurs du dais," "Porte Cierge" (Le Maréchal Soult), "Reliques..." (Cha... More
Te deum à l'autel de la paix (suite) / Lith. de Delaporte.
Print shows a procession with "Aspergeur" (Le maréchal Mouton), "Diacre" (Jean-Francois Jacqueminot), "Un president a cheval sur le reglement" (Louis-Gaspard-Amédée Girod de l'Ain) sitting in a chair being carr... More
Théodore Rousseau - [River landscape, the Seine at Chateau-Gaillard] /...
Title, attribution, date, subject, and physical description by Diane de Grazia, 2014. Inscriptions: Lower right in graphite: "T.H.R." Verso: all in graphite: "Rousseau. River Landscape/ 33-4/ Th.R (4)"; LC B st... More
Descente dans les ateliers de la liberté de la presse / J.J. Grandv. e...
Print shows on the left, King Louis-Philippe in a right side profile, whiskers obscuring his face, with his hand over the mouth of a female printer, representing freedom of the press, and showing on the far lef... More
Le temps de manger la soupe, et l'on va vous resoigner le cuir / Charl...
Revolutionaries by a barricade. A boy tends the soup. In the distance (left), a mounted soldier with banner. In the distant right, lanciers on the march. Gihaut, lithographer. No. 12. Possibly relates to the si... More
De quoi?...travailler...bon pour des feignas... / Charlet.
A vagabond, his hat tipped over his eye, his clothing disheveled, addresses two workers, a soldier & child: "Long live the riots: Long live wine! Long live love and the institutions which assure my future." Gih... More
The debilitated situation of a monarchal government . . .
A pointed comparison of French and American governments, prompted by events surrounding American efforts in 1836 to force France to honor spoliation claims for American shipping losses suffered during the Napol... More
Comme je te trouvé engraisse depuis que tu veux mourir
A sullen-looking young man and young woman stand face-to-face. The man holds a top hat at his hip and is formally dressed. The woman wears a bonnet and an apron covers her skirt. No copyright information foun... More
Theodore Maurisset - Prodige de la chimie / Maurisset, del. et sculp.,...
French cartoon shows a long line of people, with more arriving by stagecoach and railroad, at a medicine show where a quack with a lion's head, the "Prodige de la chimie," is marketing his hair tonic "De pommad... More
La daguerreotypomanie / Maurisset., Tissandier Collection, France
French cartoon about the rush to try photography after Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre revealed his process in 1839. Print shows long lines of people waiting to be photographed and others eager to support the craz... More
Funérailles de L'Empereur Napoléon. Passage du cortège dans les champs...
Funeral procession of Napoleon passing on the champs Elisées. Hubbard Collection. Signed on stone. No. 5.
Funérailles de l'Empereur Napoléon. Intérier de l'église des Invalides...
Interior of the Church of Invalides, service in progress. Hubbard Collection.
Bal masqué. Book illustration from Library of Congress
Animals wearing caricature masks of prominent persons. Reference copy in LOT 4624. Illus. in: Grandville, Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard / Un autre monde; transformations, visions, ..., 1844, p. 43.