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The Olmecs were an ancient Mesoamerican civilization that flourished between 1500 BCE and 400 BCE in what is now modern-day Mexico. They are considered one of the earliest complex societies in the region and are often referred to as the "mother culture" of Mesoamerica. The Olmecs are best known for their distinctive art style, particularly their colossal stone heads, which depict powerful individuals with unique facial features and headdresses. They also had a sophisticated society with complex religious beliefs, monumental architecture, and an advanced understanding of agriculture. Despite their significant influence on later Mesoamerican cultures such as the Maya and the Aztecs, much about the Olmecs remains shrouded in mystery, including their language and the details of their political structure.