American malacological bulletin (1988) (18157297401)

Title: American malacological bulletin
Identifier: americanmal6719881990amer (find matches)
Year: 1983 (1980s)
Authors: American Malacological Union
Subjects: Mollusks; Mollusks
Publisher: (Hattiesburg, Miss. ?) : (American Malacological Union)
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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20 AMER. MALAC. BULL. 6(1) (1988)
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2 50 Fig. 1. Map showing the major tributary rivers to the Cumberland, Tennessee and Mississippi rivers in the State of Tennessee. and Clench (1925), Ortmann (1925), Isom et al. (1973) and Ahlstedt (1983). Isom (1969) compared mussel faunas col- lected in 1965 from the Tennessee River with those recorded prior to impoundment. Scruggs (1960) and Isom and Gooch (1986) made similar pre and post-impoundment comparisons. Yokley (1972) compared the ecology and stocks of species in Kentucky Reservoir. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Cumberlandian Mollusk Conservation Program, detailed col- lections from the Clinch, Powell, Nolichucky, Holston, Elk, Duck and Buffalo rivers (Ahlstedt, 1986). Unionids of the Cumberland River system in Tennessee were studied by Wilson and Clark (1914), Neel and Allen (1964), Isom era/. (1979), Parmalee et al. (1980), Clarke (1981, 1985), Call and Parmalee (1982), Schmidt (1982), Sickel (1982), Starnes and Bogan (1982) and Stansbery et al. (1983). The fauna in the Cumberland River appears similar to that of the Tennessee River, but has not been as thoroughly surveyed and future work could uncover significant differences. Of the 87 mussel taxa recorded from the Tennessee River, the 69 taxa recorded from the Duck River, and the 78 taxa recorded from the Cumberland River, Ortmann (1924) considered 45 of these to be unique to the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers and referred to them as "Cumberlandian". Ortmann (1925) defined the downriver limits of the Cumber- landian fauna to be Clarksville, Tennessee, on the Cumberland River; Muscle Shoals, Alabama, on the Tennessee River; and between Columbia and Centerville on the Duck River. Below these limits, Interior Basin molluscan species replaced the Cumberlandian species. Ortmann later liberalized these limits, suggesting that some Cumberlandian species had emigrated into the Ohio River as well as into the Interior Basin. Reports of unionids from the Mississippi River tributaries in Tennessee have been limited to Ortmann (1926a) and van der Schalie and van der Schalie (1950). Recent col- lections from the Hatchie River (D. Manning, pers. comm.) suggest a diverse fauna. With the exception of the Hatchie River, direct Mississippi River tributaries in Tennessee have suffered extensive channelization resulting in major altera- tions of their biological communities and a significant reduc- tion of the unionid fauna. The mussel fauna of the Conasauga River located in the southeast corner of Tennessee is relatively unknown with Hurd (1974), van der Schalie (1981) and museum records pro- viding the only information on this northern Coosa River tributary. TAXONOMY Table 1 lists unionid taxa found in the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers in Tennessee. A comparison is made of the nomenclature used by Bickel (1968) and Morrison (1970) with the names used in this paper (Table 1). The American Malacological Union List of Common and Scientific Names (Turgeon et al. (in press)) is incorporated as the basis for the taxonomy used in this paper. However, the status of many named subspecific varieties and ecophenotypes has not been resolved. We list them here for clarity. Since the report by Bickel (1968), almost half of the taxa have undergone tax- onomic revision. Morrison (1970) and Johnson (1978) declared Plagiola Rafinesque, 1819 available over Dysnomia Agassiz, 1852, but due to taxonomic questions about the type species, we have chosen to use Epioblasma Rafinesque, 1831, the next available generic name. Similarly, the change from Carun- culina Simpson in Baker, 1898 to Toxolasma Rafinesque, 1831 involves five taxa (see Bogan and Parmalee, 1983). Additional- ly, 12 taxa have been added to the state's total list of species while two, Fusconaia undata, (Barnes, 1823) and Amblema peruviana (Lamarck, 1819) have been synonymized. Bickel (1968) used 25 taxa originally described by Rafinesque. Morrison (1970) included 26 nomenclatural changes based on the priority of Rafinesque descriptions. In

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