2001 Mars Odyssey

These dunes are located on the plains around Doanus Vallis as seen by NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/ASU

NASA Viking 1 landing site is shown in this commemorative image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft to celebrate the July 20, 1969 and 1976 anniversaries of NASA Apollo 11 and Viking 1 landings on the Moon and Ma More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image of NASA Viking 1 landing site was taken to commemorate the anniversaries of NASA Apollo 11 landing on the Moon and Viking 1 landing on Mars -- July 20, 1969 and July 20, 1976, respe More

The so-called Face on Mars can be seen slightly above center and to the right in this NASA Mars Odyssey image. This 3-km long knob was first imaged by NASA Viking spacecraft in the 1970 and to some resembled a More

These Mars Odyssey images show the White Rock feature on Mars in both infrared left and visible right wavelengths. White Rock is the unofficial name for this landform that was first observed during NASA Mariner More

This portion of NASA Mars Odyssey image covers NASA Viking 2 landing site shown with the X. The second landing on Mars took place September 3, 1976 in Utopia Planitia. The exact location of Lander 2 is not as w More

On December 3, 1999) Mars Polar Lander (MPL) was set to touchdown on the enigmatic layered terrain located near the South Pole. Unfortunately, communications with the spacecraft were lost and never regained. Th More

This image is a single frame from a computer animation, which begins with a view of Mars created with images from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft in which color is used to emphasize the Martian topographic, andesi More

This image is a single frame from a computer animation, which begins with a global view of the planet Mars created from images by NASA Mars Odyssey. Color is used to emphasize the Martian topographic, andesite, More

This image is a single frame from a computer animation, which begins with a global view of the planet Mars compiled with images from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL

NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System THEMIS acquired these images of the Earth using its visible and infrared cameras as it left the Earth. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft took this portrait of the Earth and its companion Moon. It was taken at a distance of 3,563,735 kilometers more than 2 million miles on April 19, 2001 as the 2001 Mars Odyssey space More

This thermal infrared image was acquired by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft on October 30, 2001, as the spacecraft orbited Mars on its ninth revolution around the planet. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This picture shows both a visible and a thermal infrared image taken by the thermal emission imaging system on NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft on November 2, 2001. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This global map of Mars, based on data from NASA Mars Odyssey, shows estimates for amounts of high-energy-particle cosmic radiation reaching the surface, a serious health concern for any future human exploratio More

This global map of Mars, based on data from NASA Mars Odyssey, shows the estimated radiation dosages from cosmic rays reaching the surface, a serious health concern for any future human exploration of the plane More

This nighttime thermal infrared image, taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, shows differences in temperature that are due to differences in the abundance of rocks, sand and dust on the surface. NASA/JPL/Arizo More

This 300-kilometer 186-mile long daytime infrared image of Terra Sirenum, taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, displays a wide variety of geologic features. The mottled floor and rim of Kovalkiy Crater is see More

This is the first high-resolution color infrared image taken of Mars. The image was constructed using three of the ten infrared filters on the thermal emission imaging system of NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NA More

This nighttime infrared image, taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, captures a massively disrupted region on Mars called Hydaspis Chaos, which is located near the equator at two degrees north, 29 degrees west More

In this image taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft during its first week of mapping, soil enriched in hydrogen is indicated by the deep blue colors, which show a low intensity of epithermal neutrons. NASA/Jet More

The deep blue colors on this map of the south pole of Mars from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft show where a low intensity of epithermal neutrons is found. NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory/University of Arizona

NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft produced this high-energy neutron detector map of neutrons in Mars southern hemisphere. The blue region around the south pole indicates a high content of hydrogen in the upper 2 to More

This visible-light image, taken by the thermal emission imaging system camera on NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, shows the highly fractured, faulted and deformed Acheron Fossae region of Mars. NASA/JPL/Arizona St More

A high content of hydrogen in Mars southern polar region is apparent in this global map of high-energy neutrons measured by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory/University of Arizona

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a sinuous valley network channel with sharp bends cutting across the cratered highlands of the southern hemisphere of Mars. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This scene shows gullies superposed on the inner walls of four large craters. Most of these gullies, imaged by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, appear to emanate from one or two specific layers along the inner cra More

These layered deposits are located on the floor of a large canyon called Ganges Chasma which is a part of the Valles Marineris in this image captured by NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/Arizona State More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a spectacular landslide along a portion of the southern wall of Ganges Chasma within Valles Marineris. Landslides have very characteristic morphologies on Eart More

This image, captured by NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft, shows that this portion of the rim of Henry Crater has numerous dark streaks located on the slopes of the inner crater wall. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This lunar-like scene, imaged by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, occurs along the southeastern rim of the Isidis Planitia basin, an ancient impact crater some 1200 km across. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image, taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, shows a cratered highland region called Arabia Terra. The center right side of the image shows a branch of the valley network Naktong Vallis cutting into the e More

Olympus Mons, imaged here by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, stands 26 km above the surrounding plains, which is three times taller than Mt. Everest, and is the tallest volcano in the solar system. NASA/JPL/Arizo More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows the cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in Mars southern hemisphere. Near the center of the image running from left to right one can see long parallel to semi- More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft captures two channels Nirgal Vallis is the smaller sinuous channel on the left and Uzboi Vallis is the larger channel located in the lower right and Luki Crater loca More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey shows a Martian geologic deposit known as the Medusae Fossae Formation the raised plateau in the upper two-thirds of the image, a soft, easily eroded deposit that extends for n More

This scene from NASA Mars Odyssey shows the contrasting morphologies of the relatively rough highland terrain in the lower portion of the image and the relatively smooth materials at top of the southern rim of More

The eastern floor of Holden Crater, which is located in region of the southern hemisphere called Noachis Terra and is 154 km in diameter, is seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/Arizon More

Remarkable variations in the erosion of the Medusae Fossae Formation are shown in this scene from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. In this region, the surface has been eroded by the wind into a series of linear ri More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows the intersection of Holden Crater with Uzboi Valles. This region of Mars contains a number of features that could be related to liquid water on the surface in the Martian past More

Bosporus Planum, seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, is located in a region of smooth plains that appear to have formed from lava flows. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

White Rock is the unofficial name for this unusual landform which was first observed during NASA Mariner 9 mission in the early 1970 and is now shown here in an image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows a portion of a volcano called Alba Patera. This region has many unique valley features that at first glance look much like the patterns formed by rivers and tributaries on Ear More

Splotchy water ice clouds obscure the surface in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, however, most of Mars was in a relatively clear period when this image was acquired. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

The Cerberus feature, imaged here by NASA Mars Odyssey, is a dark region at the southeastern edge of the huge Elysium Mons volcanic complex that was visible to early astronomers because it was a distinctive dar More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows a region in northern Arabia Terra where knobby or cabby plains units that mantle and modify a pre-existing cratered surface dominate the unusual landscape. NASA/JPL/Arizona St More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey shows Noctis Labyrinthus, a large valley system at the western end of the Valles Marineris canyon system notable for a pattern of intersecting valleys, which give it a maze-lik More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image covers a tract of plateau territory called Ophir Planum. The most obvious features in this scene are the fractures ranging from 1 to 5 km wide running from the upper left to lower r More

This region of Terra Meridiani, imaged by NASA Mars Odyssey, shows an old, heavily degraded channel that appears to terminate abruptly at the rim of a 10 km diameter crater, suggesting that the impact crater wa More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft is from the region of Syrtis Major, which is dominated by a low-relief shield volcano and believed to be an area of vigorous aeolian activity with strong winds in th More

This image by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a region of northern Tempe Terra. Patchy water-ice clouds cover portions of the low-lying canyon at the top north of this image. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

The eastern rim of this unnamed crater in Southern Arabia Terra, imaged by NASA Mars Odyssey, is very degraded, indicating that it an ancient crater that been subjected to erosion and bombardment from impactors More

Cerberus, seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, is a dark region on Mars that has shrunk down from a continuous length of about 1000 km to roughly three discontinuous spots a few 100 kms in leng More

At the top right of this NASA Mars Odyssey image, the rim of the caldera of Pavonis Mons, one of four exceptionally large volcanoes in the Tharsis region, is barely visible with steep cliffs formed by the colla More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft displays dust devil tracks on the surface of Mars. Most of the lighter portions of the image likely have a thin veneer of dust settled on the surface. NASA/JPL/Arizo More

Observations by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft show a global view of Mars in intermediate-energy, or epithermal, neutrons. Soil enriched by hydrogen is indicated by the deep blue colors on the map, which s More

Observations by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft show a global view of Mars in low energy, or thermal, neutrons. Thermal neutrons are sensitive to the presence of hydrogen and the presence of carbon dioxide, in thi More

Observations by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft show views of the polar regions of Mars in thermal neutrons top and epithermal neutrons bottom. In these maps, deep blue indicates a low amount of neutrons and red i More

This diagram shows a possible configuration of ice-rich and dry soil in the upper meter 3 feet of Mars. The ice-rich soil was detected by the gamma ray spectrometer suite of instruments aboard NASA Mars Odyssey More

This artist rendering portrays ice-rich layers in the soils of Mars being detected by instruments aboard NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/Los Alamos National Laboratories

Infrared imaging from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows signs of layering exposed at the surface in a region of Mars called Terra Meridiani. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

Color differences in this daytime infrared image taken by the camera on NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft represent differences in the mineral composition of the rocks, sediments and dust on the surface. NASA/JPL/Ar More

Observations by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft show a global view of Mars in high-energy, or fast, neutrons. NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/Russian Aviation and Space Agency

This global view of Mars in intermediate-energy, or epithermal, neutrons was created from observations by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/Russian Aviation and Space Agency

This NASA Mars Odyssey image is of the ridged plains of Lunae Planum in the northern hemisphere of Mars. Wrinkle ridges, a very common landform on Mars, Mercury, Venus, and the Moon, are found mostly along the More

The rugged, arcuate rim of the 90 km crater Reuyl dominates this NASA Mars Odyssey image. Reuyl crater is at the southern edge of a region known to be blanketed in thick dust based on its high albedo brightness More

Splotchy water ice clouds obscure the northern lowland plains in the region where NASA Viking 2 spacecraft landed in this image by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows Utopia Planitia, a large plain in the northern hemisphere of Mars. It is believed that this basin is the result of a large impact. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows a close-up view of the ridged plains in Hesperia Planum, a classic locality for Martian surfaces that formed in the middle ages of the planet history. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

Although the largest volcanoes on Mars and in the solar system are located in the geologically young Tharsis region, there are many Martian volcanoes that display equally interesting features, such as Hadriaca More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows a portion of the summit region of Arsia Mons, one of the four giant volcanoes in the Tharsis region of Mars. This volcano stands more than 20 km above the surrounding plains, More

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars. This NASA Mars Odyssey image is of the northern branch of Kasei Valles and shows the channel floor and northern channel wall. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows the northern interior wall of Coprates Chasma, one of the major canyons that form Valles Marineris. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image of Tharsis Rise from NASA Mars Odyssey shows a series of linear features called graben, which are associated with crustal extension resulting in up and down blocks of crust that run perpendicular to More

Many places on Mars, such as in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft of a crater superposed on the floor of a larger crater, display scabby, eroded landscapes that commonly are referred to as etched ter More

This image taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a portion of Maunder Crater with a number of interesting features including a series of barchan dunes that are traveling from right to left and gullies. NA More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows the transition zone between maze-like troughs of Noctis Labyrinthus and the main Valles Marineris canyon system. This huge system of troughs near the equator of Mars was most More

The finely layered deposit in Becquerel crater, seen in the center of this NASA Mars Odyssey image, is slowly being eroded away by the action of windblown sand. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey captures Mangala Fossa. Mangala Fossa is a graben, which in geologic terminology translates into a long parallel to semi-parallel fracture or trough. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows signs of layering exposed at the surface in a region of Mars called Terra Meridiani. The brightness levels show daytime surface temperatures. NASA/JPL/Arizona More

Juventae Chasma is an enormous box canyon which opens to the north and forms the outflow channel Maja Vallis. This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft captures a portion of the western floor of Juventae Cha More

This image to the east of Tharsis Tholus from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows one of many vast fields of lava flows produced by the great Tharsis volcanoes. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

Hebrus Valles is located in the Elysium Planitia region of the northern lowlands of Mars. This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows three sinuous tributaries of the channel system which carved up the s More

The movement pathways of molten rock, or lava, is demonstrated in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft of a portion of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in our solar system. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

A portion of an ancient channel called the Huo Hsing Vallis is seen in the center of this image from NASA Mars Odyssey. As with all channel forms on Mars, it was carved by some moving fluid but that fluid can n More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a location close to Mars equator, near the southern edge of a low, broad volcanic feature called Syrtis Major. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

The ancient sinuous river channel shown in this image by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft was likely carved by water early in Mars history. Auqakuh Valles cuts through a remarkable series of rock layers that were d More

Streamlined islands, like the one shown in this NASA Mars Odyssey image, are one piece of geologic evidence that large quantities of water once flowed across the surface of Mars in the distant past. NASA/JPL/Ar More

The fractured surface shown in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft belongs to a portion of a region called Gorgonum Chaos located in the southern hemisphere of Mars. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

One of the many branches of the Mangala Vallis channel system is seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. The water that likely carved the channels emerged from a huge graben or fracture almost 100 More

This NASA Mars Odyssey image shows a remarkable array of dunes on the floor of a large impact crater named Baldet. Many of the dunes in this region are isolated features with large, sand-free interdune surfaces More

This image taken by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a classic example of a Martian impact crater with a central peak. Central peaks are common in large, fresh craters on both Mars and the Moon. NASA/JPL/Ariz More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey shows a portion of Aureum Chaos located just south of the Martian equator. This fractured landscape contains canyons and mesas with two large impact craters in the upper left. More

Among the many varied landscapes on Mars the term chaos is applied to those places that have a jumbled, blocky appearance, like in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft. NASA/JPL/Arizona State University

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows part of Galle Crater. It was taken far enough south and late enough into the southern hemisphere fall to observe water ice clouds partially obscuring the surfa More

The eastern rim of this unnamed crater in Claritas Fossae is very degraded, as seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey, indicating that it very ancient and has been subjected to erosion and bombardment from i More

This image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, which displays clearly the contrast between bedrock, sand, and dust surfaces, covers a portion of Coprates Chasma, part of the Valles Marineris system of canyons th More

This image by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft is within a region called Lunae Planum, west of NASA Viking 1 landing site, that marks the transition between the Tharsis rise, a giant volcanic complex, and the north More

This positive relief feature in the ancient highlands of Mars, imaged by NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, appears to be a heavily eroded volcanic center. The top of the feature appears to be under attack by the er More

Tantalus Fossae, seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft, is a set of long valleys on the eastern side of Alba Patera. These valleys are referred to as grabens and are formed by extension of the cr More