The history of mankind (1896) (14760864651)

Identifier: historyofmankind01ratz (find matches)

Title: The history of mankind

Year: 1896 (1890s)

Authors: Ratzel, Friedrich, 1844-1904 Butler, Arthur John, 1844-1910

Subjects: Ethnology Anthropology

Publisher: London, Macmillan and co., ltd. New York, The Macmillan co.

Contributing Library: Wellesley College Library

Digitizing Sponsor: Wellesley College Library

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thence follows important results on the power of thegovernment, as well as the fact that the ministers are the chief traders in thecountry. In this corvce-systcm too, we may find a reason for the backward condi-tion of the people, seeing that it is just those of most ability who lose most of the THE MALAGASIES 46S pleasure of enjoying the fruits of their own work. By the introduction of wage-paid labour the Europeans have acted beneficially on the social and economiccondition of the Hovas. An official nobility, ranking between the citizens andthe nobles by birth, has since the days of Radama I. been created by the bestowalof honours upon servants of the state. The freemen are divided into numerousclans, which, as a rule, do not intermarry. They fall also into the two classes ofpersons liable to military service, and simple citizens. Of slaves three kinds are distinguished ; Tsatsa-Hova, Andevo, and Mosambik.The first are of the same blood as the Hovas, but have been reduced to slavery

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Rainitnalavona and Rainilaiarivona, two Prime Ministers of Radama II. (After Ellis.) as a punishment for crimes committed by themselves, their fathers, or theirbrothers. The Andevo, who form the most numerous class, are recruited chieflyfrom prisoners of war ; they are slaves in the strictest sense. As a rule they arerather darker than the Hovas ; but in other respects their appearance varies verymuch, as might be expected from their various origin. The third class areAfricans, imported by Arabs mostly from the Mozambique coast. Since 1877the slaves have been nominally free in all parts of the island over which the Hovapower extends. The slaves hold a somewhat lower position than other membersof the family ; but may, by the goodwill of their masters, lead an existence whichmany a free man would envy. Thus the worst side of slavery is the bad influencewhich it exercises over labour in general ; people have got used to letting thesmallest jobs be done by slaves. The Constitutions of Mad

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1896

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