The ecology and life history of the common frog (Rana temporaria temporaria) (1962) (20961201069)

Title: The ecology and life history of the common frog (Rana temporaria temporaria)

Identifier: ecologylifehisto00sava (find matches)

Year: 1962 (1960s)

Authors: Savage, Ronald Maxwell

Subjects: Rana temporaria

Publisher: New York, Hafner Pub. Co.

Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library

Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

Text Appearing Before Image:

l68 ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF THE COMMON FROG Oviposition The actions of spawning in Anura are so rapid that the most rigid attention is needed if some feature of the process is not to be missed. The tank I have described above was made for close observations, and the events showed that all its conveniences were needed. I began by bringing two females and seven males from a pond, and putting them into the tank, filled with tap water. No spawn was laid that night, nor for the next three days. I then transferred one pair to

Text Appearing After Image:

Fig. 43. A pair of frogs in amplexus Note the defensive position of the feet of the male, posed ready to fend off an attack from the rear. Note also the pectoral grip and compare with Fig. 45. The female is full of eggs and has her eyes shut. Her legs are used for swimming and do not have the defensive angle that the male adopts. another aquarium with sand on the bottom, but there was no spawn after another day. Both pairs were then removed to an outdoor terrarium with a pool that had been established for two years, where they spawned within twenty-four hours. Although this was not proof, it suggested that pond water might help to produce spawning, so that I made another attempt by filling the tank with pond water, and putting in it five pairs and three males. I guessed that spawning might take place in the early hours of the morning, so I began observa- tions at 4.00 a.m. At that hour one pair had already spawned. Nothing of interest occurred until 5.45, when one of the females made a few

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1962

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