The Catholic encyclopedia; an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church (1907) (14762809912)

Identifier: catholicencyclop02herbuoft (find matches)

Title: The Catholic encyclopedia; an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church

Year: 1907 (1900s)

Authors: Herbermann, Charles George, 1840-1916

Subjects: Catholic Church Theology Encyclopedias and dictionaries

Publisher: New York, The Encyclopedia Press

Contributing Library: Mississauga - University of Toronto

Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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t VI), de Saint-Laurent (Innocent VI). ThePalace of the Popes belongs, by its severe architecture,to the Gothic art of the South of France; other nobleexamples are to be .seen in the churches of St. Didier,St. Peter, and St. Agricola, in the Clock Tower, andin the fortifications built between 1349 and 1368for a distance of some three miles, and flanked bythirty-nine towers, all of which were erected or re-stored by popes, cardinals, and great dignitaries ofthe court. On the other hand, the execution of thefrescoes which adorn the interiors of the papalpalace and of the churches of Avignon was en-trusted almost exclusively to artists from Sienna. The popes were followed to Avignon by agents(Jactores) of the great Italian banking-houses, whosettled in the city. They acted as money-changers,as intermediaries between the Apostolic Chamber andits debtors, living in the most prosperous quartersof the city, which was known as the Exchange. Acrowd of traders of all kinds brought to market the

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AVIGNON 159 AVIGNON nroducts necessary to the maintenance of a numerouscourt and of the visitors who fioclied to it; grainand wine from Provence, from the south of France,the Roussillon, and the country round Lyons. Fishwas brought from places as distant as Brittany; cloths,rich stuffs, and tapestries came from Bruges andTournai. We need only glance at the account-booksof the Apostolic Chamber, still kept in the Vaticanarchives, in order to judge of the trade of whichAvignon became the centre. The university foundedby Boniface VIII in 1303, had a good many studentsunder the French popes, drawn thither by the gener-osit)- of tlie sovereign pontiffs, who rewarded themwith books or witli benefices. After the restoration of the Holy See in Rome, thespiritual and temporal government of Avignon wasentrusted to a legate, the cardinal-nephew, who w-asreplaced, in his absence by a vice-legate. When,however. Innocent XII abolished nepotism, he dida.vay mth the office of legate, and handed over

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1907

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