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Soldiers of Company E, 4th U.S. Colored Infantry, at
[District of Columbia. Company E, 4th U.S. Colored Infantry, at Fort Lincoln]
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Summary
During a time when many African American were enslaved and even considered property in much of the country, James H. Gooding had a remarkable vision of equality and the courage to fight for it. James Henry Gooding was born into slavery in 1838 in North Carolina. His freedom was purchased when he was very young by James M. Gooding (who may have been his father). Young James was sent to live in New York City. At age 8, he enrolled as a student in the NY Colored Orphan's Asylum, a prominent school and boarding house. There he received a classical education and became a talented and eloquent writer. In 1856 at age 18, Gooding took a job on board a whaling ship. Whaling was one of the few industries where African American men could find equal footing with white men. He even earned as much as $20/month, equivalent to the salary of a ship's officer! In the fall of 1862 he gave up whaling, settled in New Bedford, MA and married Ellen Allen. Just 6 days before the wedding, President Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. This executive order included permission for black men to enlist in the Union Army and Navy for the first time and would take effect on January 1, 1863. So, six weeks later, Gooding enlisted into what would become the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. After just a few months of marriage, knowing he would face an enemy who considered him as property or worse, he nonetheless answered the call to defend his country.
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