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Space Transportation System, Space Shuttle Main Engine, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

description

Summary

Significance: The Space Shuttle used three Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) mounted to the orbiter. The SSME was designed and developed under a contract with the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama. The contract was awarded in 1971 to the Rocketdyne Division of North American Rockwell Corp., Canoga Park, California. In late 2005, Pratt & Whitney purchased Rocketdyne from the Boeing Company. Rocketdyne was combined with the rocket engine contingent of Pratt & Whitney, West Palm Beach, Florida to form a division named Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne.

The SSME was a large reusable liquid rocket engine which used liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer. Both propellants were stored in the External Tank. The SSME operated using the staged-combustion cycle, meaning propellants were initially burned in preburners in order to power the high-pressure turbopumps and were then burned again at a higher mixture ratio in the main combustion chamber. This cycle yielded a specific impulse substantially higher than previous rocket engines thus minimizing volume and weight for the integrated vehicle. Along with high efficiency and low weight came system complexity, high turbopump speeds, high chamber pressures, and a high thrust-to-weight ratio of sixty-six at full power level. ...

Survey number: HAER TX-116-I

The Space Shuttle program was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011, administered by NASA and officially beginning in 1972. The Space Shuttle system—composed of an orbiter launched with two reusable solid rocket boosters and a disposable external fuel tank— carried up to eight astronauts and up to 50,000 lb (23,000 kg) of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). When its mission was complete, the orbiter would re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and lands as a glider. Although the concept had been explored since the late 1960s, the program formally commenced in 1972 and was the focus of NASA's manned operations after the final Apollo and Skylab flights in the mid-1970s. It started with the launch of the first shuttle Columbia on April 12, 1981, on STS-1. and finished with its last mission, STS-135 flown by Atlantis, in July 2011.

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Tags

shuttle program national space program space exploration space flight man in space rocket engines liquid propellant south houston tex transportation space transportation system shuttle space shuttle main engine lyndon lyndon b johnson johnson space center nasa nasa parkway houston harris harris county space shuttle texas ralph allen jennifer groman historic american engineering record national aeronautics and space administration barbara severance smart geometrics photo ultra high resolution high resolution boeing aircrafts public domain aircraft photos library of congress aircraft
date_range

Date

1969 - 1980
person

Contributors

Historic American Engineering Record, creator
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Owner
Groman, Jennifer, Historic Preservation Officer
Severance, Barbara
Allen, Ralph, Historic Preservation Officer
Smart GeoMetrics, contractor
collections

in collections

Space Shuttle Program

place

Location

South Houston (Tex.) ,  29.55279, -95.09307
create

Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

http://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html

label_outline Explore Barbara Severance, Liquid Propellant, Jennifer Groman

Exact shuttle mock-up at Space Center, Houston, Texas

Space Transportation System, Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery touches down in darkness on Runway 15 of the KSC Shuttle Landing Facility, bringing to a close the 10-day STS-82 mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Main gear touchdown was at 3:32:26 a.m. EST on February 21, 1997. It was the ninth nighttime landing in the history of the Shuttle program and the 35th landing at KSC. The first landing opportunity at KSC was waved off because of low clouds in the area. The seven-member crew performed a record-tying five back-to-back extravehicular activities (EVAs) or spacewalks to service the telescope, which has been in orbit for nearly seven years. Two new scientific instruments were installed, replacing two outdated instruments. Five spacewalks also were performed on the first servicing mission, STS-61, in December 1993. Only four spacewalks were scheduled for STS-82, but a fifth one was added during the flight to install several thermal blankets over some aging insulation covering three HST compartments containing key data processing, electronics and scientific instrument telemetry packages. Crew members are Mission Commander Kenneth D. Bowersox, Pilot Scott J. "Doc" Horowitz, Payload Commander Mark C. Lee, and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Joseph R. "Joe" Tanner and Steven A. Hawley. STS-82 was the 82nd Space Shuttle flight and the second mission of 1997 KSC-97pc352

Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Space Shuttle Columbia, Space shuttle STS-5

S47-28-005 - STS-047 - Pilot Brown and Commander Gibson about 10 minutes after SSME cutoff

Space Transportation System, Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, this overhead image shows the Space Shuttle Program's last external fuel tank, ET-122, after it was delivered to the transfer aisle of the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The tank traveled 900 miles by sea, carried in the Pegasus Barge, from NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. Once inside the VAB, it eventually will be attached to space shuttle Endeavour for the STS-134 mission to the International Space Station targeted to launch Feb. 2011. STS-134 currently is scheduled to be the last mission in the shuttle program. The tank, which is the largest element of the space shuttle stack, was damaged during Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 and restored to flight configuration by Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company employees. Photo credit: NASA/Kevin O'Connell KSC-2010-4912

Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Houston, Texas. Woman attendant at the dry end of a paper machine

Topics

shuttle program national space program space exploration space flight man in space rocket engines liquid propellant south houston tex transportation space transportation system shuttle space shuttle main engine lyndon lyndon b johnson johnson space center nasa nasa parkway houston harris harris county space shuttle texas ralph allen jennifer groman historic american engineering record national aeronautics and space administration barbara severance smart geometrics photo ultra high resolution high resolution boeing aircrafts public domain aircraft photos library of congress aircraft