President John F. Kennedy Speaks during the Dinner in Honor of the Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ), Speaker of the House John W. McCormack, and Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred as JFK, served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. Presidential Election. At age 43, he became the youngest elected president. To date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president. Kennedy's time in office was marked by high tensions with a Communist block. The Cuban Missile Crisis, The Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the establishment of the Peace Corps, developments in the Space Race, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Trade Expansion Act to lower tariffs, and the Civil Rights Movement all took place during his presidency. In Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow Fidel Castro in April 1961. In October 1962, it was discovered Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba; the resulting period termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and determined to have fired shots that hit the President. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby mortally wounded Oswald two days later in a jail corridor. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, but its report was sharply criticized. The United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) agreed that Oswald fired the shots that killed the president, but also concluded that Kennedy was likely assassinated as the result of a conspiracy. The majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination and now, believe that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. "Mankind must put an end to war before war puts an end to mankind."

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973) served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. A Democrat from Texas, he served as a United States Representative from 1937 to 1949 and as a United States Senator from 1949 to 1961 serving as Senate Majority Leader, Senate Minority Leader and as Senate Majority Whip. He was assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States after an assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Later, he won the 1964 election over Republican opponent Barry Goldwater. Johnson designed the "Great Society" legislation upholding civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education, the arts, urban and rural development, public services, and his "War on Poverty", banned racial discrimination in public facilities, interstate commerce, the workplace, housing. The Voting Rights Act banned certain requirements in southern states used to disenfranchise African Americans. With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the country's immigration system was reformed and all racial origin quotas were removed (replaced by national origin quotas). Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War. The number of American military personnel in Vietnam increased dramatically, from 16,000 advisors in 1963 to 550,000 in 1968. American casualties soared and the peace process bogged down causing large, angry antiwar protests based especially on university campuses in the U.S. and abroad. While he began his presidency with widespread approval, support for Johnson declined as the public became upset with both the war and the growing violence at home. Republican Richard Nixon was elected to succeed him. After he left office in January 1969, Johnson returned to his Texas ranch where he died of a heart attack at age 64 on January 22, 1973.

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