Photograph of President Harry S. Truman with Cabinet and Family Leaving the Capitol

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–53). He served as Vice President before he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945 upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on his family's 600-acre farm. In the last months of World War I, he served in combat in France as an artillery officer. After the war, he joined the Democratic Party and was elected to public office as a county official in 1922, and as a U.S. Senator in 1934. He became well known as chairman of the Truman Committee, formed in March 1941, which exposed waste, fraud, and corruption in Federal Government wartime contracts. During his few weeks as Vice President, Harry Truman rarely saw President Franklin Roosevelt and received little or no briefing on foreign policy and the development of the atomic bomb. He became a president during the final months of World War II, making the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Truman was elected a president on his own in 1948. During Truman's presidency, the United States engaged in an internationalist foreign policy and renounced isolationism. Truman helped found the United Nations in 1945, issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to contain Communism, and got the $13 billion Marshall Plan enacted to rebuild Western Europe. The Soviet Union, a wartime ally, became an enemy in the Cold War. Truman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948, creation of NATO in 1949, a Korean War beginning in 1950. His administration guided the American economy through the post-war economic recession with a success. "I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it."

The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made is a 1986 book by Walter Isaacson and Evan Thomas about a group of U.S. government officials and members of the East Coast Establishment. The book starts with post - World War I period and continues in the immediate post-World War II international development, describing how the group of six men of quite different political affiliations developed the containment policy of dealing with the Communist bloc during the Cold War and crafted institutions such as NATO, the World Bank, and the policies of the Marshall Plan. Six people who were influential in the development of Cold War: 1. Dean Acheson, Secretary of State under President Harry Truman 2. Charles E. Bohlen, U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, the Philippines, and France 3. W. Averell Harriman, Special Envoy for President Franklin Roosevelt 4. George F. Kennan, Ambassador to the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia 5. Robert A. Lovett, Truman's Secretary of Defense 6. John J. McCloy, a War Department official and later U.S. High Commissioner for Germany.

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