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Group of sweatshop workers in shop of M. Silverman. 30 Suffolk St., N.Y. Feb. 21, 1908. Location: New York, New York (State)

description

Summary

Title from NCLC caption card.

Attribution to Hine based on provenance.

In album: Miscellaneous.

Hine no. 27-A.

Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.

General information about the National Child Labor Committee collection is available at: loc.gov

Forms part of: National Child Labor Committee collection.

Hine grew up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As a young man he had to care for himself, and working at a furniture factory gave him first-hand knowledge of industrial workers' harsh reality. Eight years later he matriculated at the University of Chicago and met Professor Frank A. Manny, whom he followed to New York to teach at the Ethical Culture School and continue his studies at New York University. As a faculty member at the Ethical Culture School Hine was introduced to photography. From 1904 until his death he documented a series of sites and conditions in the USA and Europe. In 1906 he became a photographer and field worker for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Undercover, disguised among other things as a Bible salesman or photographer for post-cards or industry, Hine went into American factories. His research methodology was based on photographic documentation and interviews. Together with the NCLC he worked to place the working conditions of two million American children onto the political agenda. The NCLC later said that Hine's photographs were decisive in the 1938 passage of federal law governing child labor in the United States. In 1918 Hine left the NCLC for the Red Cross and their work in Europe. After a short period as an employee, he returned to the United States and began as an independent photographer. One of Hine's last major projects was the series Men at Work, published as a book in 1932. It is a homage to the worker that built the country, and it documents such things as the construction of the Empire State Building. In 1940 Hine died abruptly after several years of poor income and few commissions. Even though interest in his work was increasing, it was not until after his death that Hine was raised to the stature of one of the great photographers in the history of the medium.

According to the 1900 US Census, a total of 1,752,187 (about 1 in every 6) children between the ages of five and ten were engaged in "gainful occupations" in the United States. The National Child Labor Committee, or NCLC, was a private, non-profit organization that served as a leading proponent for the national child labor reform movement. It headquartered on Broadway in Manhattan, New York. In 1908 the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine, a teacher and professional photographer trained in sociology, who advocated photography as an educational medium, to document child labor in the American industry. Over the next ten years, Hine would publish thousands of photographs designed to pull at the nation's heartstrings. The NCLC is a rare example of an organization that succeeded in its mission and was no longer needed. After more than a century of fighting child labor, it shut down in 2017.

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boys men laborers clothing industry sweatshops sewing photographic prints lot 7483 national child labor committee collection lewis wickes hine photo print sweatshop workers ultra high resolution high resolution lewis w hine united states history library of congress new york city child labor
date_range

Date

01/01/1908
collections

in collections

Lewis W. Hine

Lewis Hine, Library of Congress Collection

Child Labor

National Child Labor Committee collection
place

Location

new york
create

Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

https://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication. For information see: "National Child Labor Committee (Lewis Hine photographs)," https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/res.097.hine

label_outline Explore Sweatshops, National Child Labor Committee Collection, Lewis Wickes Hine

ATLANTIC OCEAN (May 20, 2018) -- Boatswain's Mate Seaman

Mrs. Mary George, 74 Southbridge Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. Mother and Aaron, 13 yrs., and Elizabeth 12 yrs old, working on crochet slippers. The children work until 9 or 10:30 P.M. sometimes, and the mother later. Girl has so much trouble with eyes that she is very much behind in school. Mother has eye trouble, too. (See Report also.) Witness. F.A. Smith. Location: Worcester, Massachusettsachusetts.

Mrs. Larocca, 233 E. 107th St., N.Y., making willow plumes in an unlicensed tenement. Photo taken Feb. 29, 1912. License was revoked Dec. 19, 1911.Applied for again Feb 7, 1912, inspected Feb. 13 and refused Feb 14, 1912. Feb. 29, 1912 I found nine families (including the janitress) at work on feathers or with traces of the day's work still on the floor. Still other families were reported to be doing the work also, but were not home. When our investigator made her first calls here, she found the whole tenement in much worse condition (see schedule) Children had bad skin trouble, fever, etc. Grandmother was working the day this photo was taken. New York, New York (State)

Family of Louis Rizzo, a laborer who works some. The wife and four children (none could speak English at all) work on feathers and make about $3.00 a week. Been in U.S. five months. Do not go to school yet. Through an interpreter they said Peter is 15, Jimmie 14, Carbo 9 and John 7 years old; but those seemed to me too high. They were working in a very dim light. Location: New York, New York (State)

The Shop, Seneca Street Vocational School. Location: Buffalo, New York (State)

Breaker boys working in Ewen Breaker of Pennsylvania Coal Co. For some of their names see labels 1927 to 1930. Location: South Pittston, Pennsylvania

Cumberland Glass Works, Bridgeton, N.J. A young "holding-mold boy" is seen, dimly, in middle distance to left of centre. Negroes, Greeks and Italians are being employed in many glass houses. Location: Bridgeton, New Jersey

One of the youngest boys I found working in the Naomi Mill apparently 10 yrs old. There were two others about as young. Location: Randleman, North Carolina

Group picking shrimp at Biloxi Canning Co. Olga, five-year-old on the end was helping her mother. I tried to get her photo at home when they stopped working, but the child stubbornly refused to be taken. Her mother said, "She's ugly." but it seemed to me that the child could be expected to be tired out after work that began so early. Work was light and only a small crew was at work, but within an hour I found at factory and at the homes the following: (See label 2022) #2022 caption: ...Two children of five years. One of seven years.Two of eight years. One of nine. Two of ten. Two of eleven (one had been working at this factory two years). Three of twelve, (one working here 4 years and one two years). I do not believe this is a complete list of the youngsters Location: Biloxi, Mississippi

"Teaching the young idea." The Boss (who began at 10 years of age, and has been at it for 30 years) showing a beginner (who is apparently 9 or 10) See 169. Location: Morgantown, West Virginia

Cheney Silk Mills. Favorable working conditions. Location: South Manchester, Connecticut

Youngsters making bands, cotton mill, North Pownal, Vt. Clarence Noel, 11 years old. Location: North Pownal, Vermont

Topics

boys men laborers clothing industry sweatshops sewing photographic prints lot 7483 national child labor committee collection lewis wickes hine photo print sweatshop workers ultra high resolution high resolution lewis w hine united states history library of congress new york city child labor