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Giambologna - Hercules and the Dragon Ladon - Walters 54695
Giambologna - Hercules Carrying the Erymanthian Boar - Walters 54679
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Summary
The mythical Greek hero Heracles, known to the Romans as Hercules, was renowned for his great strength and the heroic deeds he performed, which were favorite subjects for painters and sculptors alike. Around 1580, Jean Boulogne (Flemish, 1529-1608), know as Giambologna, produced for Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici (1541-87) of Tuscany a set of bronze statuettes of the Twelve Labors of Hercules, deeds which King Eurystheus ordered him to carry out, assuming them to be impossible.
These groups are characterized by highly dramatic poses, with the limbs of the figures spiraling outwards from center. The smooth surface of the bronze enhances the muscles of Hercules's imposing physique. These figures were extremely popular all over Europe and were replicated in great numbers, beginning in the artist's lifetime and continuing for decades. Individual casts are difficult to date, but the bronzes exhibited here were surely made after the master's death. However, they preserve the character of Giambologna's originals and illustrate the refined taste of the Medici court towards the end of the 16th century.
The taming of the three-headed dog Cerberus, which guarded the entrance to Hades, the underground home of the dead in Greek mythology, was the 12th and last of Hercules's Labors.
Giambologna was an Italian sculptor known for his Mannerist style. He was born in Douai, Flanders (now in France) and trained in Antwerp before moving to Italy in 1550. He worked in Florence for most of his career, producing many important works for the Medici family. Giambologna's most famous sculptures include Mercury (also known as Flying Mercury), The Rape of the Sabine Women and Samson Slaying a Philistine. These works are characterised by their exaggerated poses, intricate details and dynamic compositions. Giambologna was also known for his ability to create bronze sculptures, which were highly valued during the Renaissance. His works can be found in many museums and public spaces around the world, including the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, the Louvre in Paris, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.