Expedition 8 Launch, Russian Space Program
Summary
The Soyuz TMA-3 vehicle launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Saturday, Oct. 18, 2003, carrying Expedition 8 Commander and NASA Science Officer Michael Foale, Expedition 8 Soyuz Commander Alexander Kaleri and European Space Agency astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain to the International Space Station. The trio will arrive at the ISS Oct. 20, as Foale and Kaleri take over command of Station operations for the next 6-1/2 months. Duque will return to Earth Oct. 28 with Expedition 7 Commander Yuri Malenchenko and NASA Science Officer Ed Lu in another Soyuz capsule already docked to the ISS. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Over its sixty-year history, primarily classified military The Soviet space program was responsible for a number of pioneering accomplishments in space flight, including the first intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7), first satellite (Sputnik 1), first animal in Earth orbit (the dog Laika on Sputnik 2), first human in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1), first woman in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova on Vostok 6), first spacewalk (cosmonaut Alexey Leonov on Voskhod 2), first Moon impact (Luna 2), first image of the far side of the moon (Luna 3) and unmanned lunar soft landing (Luna 9), first space rover (Lunokhod 1), first sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth (Luna 16), and first space station (Salyut 1). Further notable records included the first interplanetary probes: Venera 1 and Mars 1 to fly by Venus and Mars, respectively, Venera 3 and Mars 2 to impact the respective planet surface, and Venera 7 and Mars 3 to make soft landings on these planets.
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