Bulletin (1907) (20238933560) - Public domain engraving

Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit (find matches)

Year: 1901 (1900s)

Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology

Subjects: Ethnology

Publisher: Washington : G. P. O.

Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries

Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

Text Appearing Before Image:

832 MEDALS (b. a. e. Reverse, Indian and white man seated, a council fire between them; white man offers calumet and Indian extends hand for it; above Indian a rayed sun, back of white man a tree; legend, Letus Look to the MostHigh who Blessedonr FathersivithPeace; in exergue, '1757. Silver; copper; pewter; size, Ifin.

Text Appearing After Image:

INDIAN PEACE MEDAL OF 1757 On the capture of Montreal by Sir Jef- frey Amherst, Sept. 8, 1760, an interes-ting series of medals, known as the conquest medals, was issued. McLachlan says they "were evidently made in America, and presented to the Iroquois and Onondagas, and other chiefs who assisted in the cam- paign. To each of the 23 chiefs, though they did but little fighting, was presented a medal by Sir William Johnson, who, in his diary, under date of July 21, 1761, says: " 1 then delivered the medals sent me by the General for those who went with us to Canada last year, being twenty- three in number." Beauchamp (p. 61) says: "In 1761 Johnson had similar medals for the Oneidas, but none of them have been found." 1760. Obverse, view of a town, with bastions, on a river front, five church si)ircs, island in river; in foreground, to left, a bastion with flag of St George; in exergue, in an incused oval, D. C. F.; this side is cast and chased. Reverse, in field engraved, Montirnl, remainder plain for insertion of name and tribe of the recipient. Silver; size, IJf in. Pewter; size, l;in. , Beauchamp (p. 66) says: Two medals, relating to the capture of Montreal and conquest of Canada, seem more likely to have been given by Johnson to the In- dians in 1761. As the two medals have Indian symbols, and one Amherst's name, and that of ^Montreal, they seem to suit every way Johnson's lavish distribution of medal's at Otsego, when sent by his leader." 1761. Obverse, a laureated nude figure, typify- ing the St Lawrence, to right, reclining, right arm resting on the prow of a galley, paddle in left hand, a beaver climbing up his left leg; in background a staiulard inscribed Amherst within a wreath of laurel, surmounted by a lion. In exergue, a shield with fleur-de-lis; above, a tomahawk, bow, and quixcr; legend. Conquest of Canada. Reverse, a female figure, to right, seated beneath a pine tree; an eagle with extended wings standing on a rock; before the female a shield of France, with club and tomahawk; legend, Montreal Taken, MDCCLX: in exergue, Soc. Promoting Arts and Commerce. Silver; size, li in. 1761. Obverse, head of King George, to right, nude, with flowing hair, laureated; legend, George II. King. Reverse, female figure seated beneath a pine tree, to left, weeping, typical of Canada; behind her a beaver climbing up a bank; legend, Canada Subdued; in exergue, MDCCLX.; below, S. P. A. C. Silver; bronze; size, IJ in. To commemorate the marriage of George III and Queen Charlotte a small special medal was struck, in 1761, for general distribution to insure the alle- giance of the savages in the newly ac- quired province (McLachlan, p. 13). 1761. Obverse, bust of king and queen facing each other; above, a curtain with cords and tas- sels falling midway between the heads. Reverse, the royal arms, with ribbon of the Garter, and motto on ribVjon below, Bieu et Mon Droit. Sil- ver; size, li in., pierced for suspension. The following series of medals is sup- posed to have been struck for presenta- tion to Indian chiefs in Canada at the close of the French and Indian wars. There were five in the series, differing in size and varying slightly in design; they were formed of two shells joined together; one of lead and others of pewter, with tracings of gilding, have been found. 1762. Obverse, youthful bust of king, to right, in armor, wearing ribbon of the Garter, hair in double curl over ear; legend, Dei Gratia. Re- verse, the royal arms encircled by the ribbon of the Garter, surmounted by a crown, supported by the lion and the unicorn ; legend, Honi Soil qui Mai y Pcii.'tr; on a ribbon below the motto, Dieu et Mon Droit. Silver; size, 1^ by 3^ in. In 1763 Pontiac rebelled against British rule, and the Government entered into treaty with the remaining friendly chiefs. A council was held at Niagara in 1764, at which time the series of three medals known as the "Pontiac conspiracy medals" was presented to the chiefs and and principal warriors. 1764. Obverse, bust of king, to left, in armor and in very high relief, long hair tied with rib- bon, laureated; legend, Gcorgius III. D.A.M. BEL FRA. ET IIIB. REX. F. D. Reverse, an officer and an Indian seated on a rustic bench in foreground; on the banks of a river, to right, three houses on a rocky point; at junction of river with ocean, two ships under full sail. The Indian holds in his left hand a calumet, with his right grasps the hand of the officer; at left of Indian, in the background, a tree, at right a mountain range; legend, Happy While United; in exergue, 1761,. In field, stamped in two small in- cused circles, D. C. F. and N York. Silver; size, Sj% by 3f in.; loop, a calumet and an eagle's wing. In 1765 a treaty was made with the British and Pontiac, and his chiefs were presented by Sir William Johnson, at Oswego, with the medals known as "the lion and wolf medals." A large number of these were distributed, and two reverse dies have been found. The design repre- sents the expulsion of France from Can- ada (see Parkman, Pontiac Conspiracy, chap, xxxi; Betts, p. 238; Leroux, p. 156; McLachlan, p. 13). 1765. Obverse, bust of king to right, in armor, wearing the ribbon of the Garter; legend, Gcor- gius III Dei Gratia. Reverse, to left, the British "lion reposing under a tree; to right, a snarling wolf; behind lion, a church and two houses; be- hind wolf, trees and bushes. Silver; size, 2f in.

bureau of american ethnology bulletin 1907 mdcclx numeral book illustrations ethnology american ethnology native americans travel and description diaries images from internet archive female figure canada

1907

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