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Bad housing and congestion. the kitchen and living-room of Steven Mikula, 93 N. Front St. Steven is at the table. He has worked four months in Nonquitt Mill, in spinning room #2. Said he was 15 years old. Gets $5 a week. Mother takes care of these babies belonging to a neighbor while their mother works in the mill. Veronica (Steven's sister) helps take care of babies when not at school. She said, 12 years old. Compare her with Steven. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Bad housing and congestion. Mikeal Wikbas [or Wikras?], (about 14 years old) at doorway of home. 3 Hampton Court. Works in Wamsutta Mill. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Home of Mr. and Mrs. George Callahan, whose husband works at Hartford Linen Supply. They have four children and have always lived in Hartford, but now find conditions so overcrowded and congested and with the rent gauging and discrimination against families with children so severe it is impossible for them to locate adequate housing
Big talk on little houses. These high officials of the New Deal's housing family photographed as they concluded a conference with President Roosevelt. From the left: Stewart McDonald, head of the FHA?; Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Morris L. Coske, head of Rural Electrification, and Peter Grimm, housing expert working in the Treasury Department. Grimm and his associates from New York are concluding a report on housing conditions east of the Mississippi which is expected to show only from 2 to 4 percent vacancies. His report to the President is expected to have a bearing on the future policy of both Federal Housing, Works Progress Administration, the Rural Electrification program and Rural Resettlement, 102935
Bantam, Connecticut. Defense homes. Little Ann Heath is eager to try out all the facilities of her parents' new four-room defense housing unit, after spending most of her life in a single furnished room. Here she pushes her footstool to the sink in order to help her mother clean up the dinner dishes. Mrs. Heath, a native of Winsted, a city some twenty-five miles away, is delighted with her new kitchen--the first she's ever had which she actually considers as a kitchen, and is trying out all the recipes she has collected in five years of married life. The Heaths pay thirty dollars monthly for their apartment
Many of the smallest ones said, "Working in these mills." Especially #1 Raymond Bradshaw, 88 Engerira St. Works in Manomet Mill; lives with grandmother, works in #2 Card Department. Said, "I'm goin' on 14, will be 15 next September." He appears to be [i.e., have] tubercular tendencies and his sister much more so. Fred Arnold, 478 N. Front St., (smallest boy in #6 Mill). Lives with step-father in comfortable circumstances. Been working in weave room in Nashawena Mill, 1 year. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts.
A black and white photo of a snow covered street. Office of War Information Photograph
A menace to Society. The Padgett family. The entire family including the mother totally illiterate. No one could read or write. The mother does mill work some. Alice, 17 years has steady job. Makes from $5 to $6 a week. Alfred, 13 years now, worked here when he was 12, and in other mills before that. Makes $4 a week. Recently crippled by getting his hand caught in the cogs of a spinning machine. Richard just reached 11. Been working here 1 year; began when he was 10. Makes $2.40 a week. "The work runs him down too." William, 6 years old, nearly blind. Lizzie, 5 years old. Home in utter neglect; filthy and bare. When investigator called the mother had been gone about an hour, leaving a roomer's 3 months old baby in the cradle before an open fire on the hearth, and only two children 5 and 6 years old - one nearly blind, playing around. She came back and fed them a lot of cheap candy. What will Society reap from its neglect of this family? Shaw Cotton Mills. Location: South Weldon, North Carolina
A menace to Society. The Padgett family. The entire family including the mother totally illiterate. No one could read or write. The mother does mill work some. Alice, 17 years has steady job. Makes from $5 to $6 a week. Alfred, 13 years now, worked here when he was 12, and in other mills before that. Makes $4 a week. Recently crippled by getting his hand caught in the cogs of a spinning machine. Richard just reached 11. Been working here 1 year; began when he was 10. Makes $2.40 a week. "The work runs him down too." William, 6 years old, nearly blind. Lizzie, 5 years old. Home in utter neglect; filthy and bare. When investigator called the mother had been gone about an hour, leaving a roomer's 3 months old baby in the cradle before an open fire on the hearth, and only two children 5 and 6 years old - one nearly blind, playing around. She came back and fed them a lot of cheap candy. What will Society reap from its neglect of this family? Shaw Cotton Mills. Location: South Weldon, North Carolina.
Bad housing and congestion. the kitchen and living-room of Steven Mikula, 93 N. Front St. Steven is at the table. He has worked four months in Nonquitt Mill, in spinning room #2. Said he was 15 years old. Gets $5 a week. Mother takes care of these babies belonging to a neighbor while their mother works in the mill. Veronica (Steven's sister) helps take care of babies when not at school. She said, 12 years old. Compare her with Steven. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts
Summary
Title from NCLC caption card.
Attribution to Hine based on provenance.
In album: Mills.
Hine no. 2740.
Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.
General information about the National Child Labor Committee collection is available at: loc.gov
Forms part of: National Child Labor Committee collection.
Hine grew up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As a young man he had to care for himself, and working at a furniture factory gave him first-hand knowledge of industrial workers' harsh reality. Eight years later he matriculated at the University of Chicago and met Professor Frank A. Manny, whom he followed to New York to teach at the Ethical Culture School and continue his studies at New York University. As a faculty member at the Ethical Culture School Hine was introduced to photography. From 1904 until his death he documented a series of sites and conditions in the USA and Europe. In 1906 he became a photographer and field worker for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Undercover, disguised among other things as a Bible salesman or photographer for post-cards or industry, Hine went into American factories. His research methodology was based on photographic documentation and interviews. Together with the NCLC he worked to place the working conditions of two million American children onto the political agenda. The NCLC later said that Hine's photographs were decisive in the 1938 passage of federal law governing child labor in the United States. In 1918 Hine left the NCLC for the Red Cross and their work in Europe. After a short period as an employee, he returned to the United States and began as an independent photographer. One of Hine's last major projects was the series Men at Work, published as a book in 1932. It is a homage to the worker that built the country, and it documents such things as the construction of the Empire State Building. In 1940 Hine died abruptly after several years of poor income and few commissions. Even though interest in his work was increasing, it was not until after his death that Hine was raised to the stature of one of the great photographers in the history of the medium.
According to the 1900 US Census, a total of 1,752,187 (about 1 in every 6) children between the ages of five and ten were engaged in "gainful occupations" in the United States. The National Child Labor Committee, or NCLC, was a private, non-profit organization that served as a leading proponent for the national child labor reform movement. It headquartered on Broadway in Manhattan, New York. In 1908 the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine, a teacher and professional photographer trained in sociology, who advocated photography as an educational medium, to document child labor in the American industry. Over the next ten years, Hine would publish thousands of photographs designed to pull at the nation's heartstrings. The NCLC is a rare example of an organization that succeeded in its mission and was no longer needed. After more than a century of fighting child labor, it shut down in 2017.