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Summary
Amy Johnson, CBE (1 July 1903 – 5 January 1941) was a pioneering English aviator and was the first female pilot to fly alone from Britain to Australia. Flying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, she set numerous long-distance records during the 1930s. She flew in the Second World War as a part of the Air Transport Auxiliary and died during a ferry flight...Poem about Amy Johnson published in the Muswellbrook Chronicle 10 June 1930. A Merriwa resident gives vent to his joy in verse:..AMY JOHNSON..Now away in far-off London,.In a land across the sea,.There lived Miss Amy Johnson, .A girl of twenty-three..And she planned to break the record.Of that wonderous Hinkler flight, .And they say to get supporters,.She had a dreadful fight...For wise "old mother" England.Shook her head and mumbled,"Nay, .We can't allow you, Amy, .To throw your life away.".And all the English papers said:."My girl, it isn't right,."We won't support mere children,.On that great Australian flight." ..But Miss Johnson was determined,.And later thought it best, .To go and buy an aeroplane,.Which she called the Jason Quest. .Through the teeth of opposition,.Miss Johnson won her way,.And just hopped off from London,.It was the fifth of May...Then she flew around in circles,.And waved her friends adieu, .And then struck out for Darwin.And said she'd see it through. .Now many were the hardships.And many were the trials,.That befell Miss Amy Johnson.For thirteen thousand miles...And badly beating Hinkler,.For more than half way o'er,."When she met with some disaster,.Just out of Singapore..And when troubles they were righted,.Miss Johnson rose again, .And flew across the ocean,.Through mists and shower of rain,..With her head above the cockpit,.For well nigh half a day,.She skimmed the angry ocean,.And was blinded from the spray, .For the seas ran high as mountains,.And in torrents fell the rain. .For our Miss Amy Johnson,.It surely was a strain;.But she landed up at Darwin,.On the twenty-four of May. ..And the people up at London,.I wonder what they'll say;.Though she has not beaten Hinkler,.There is money here to say, .We are backing Amy Johnson.When she tries another day. ..And away in far off London,.There is a mother waiting there, .That thinks about her Amy,.Who is flying through the air. .Now there is always a welcome,.In this little country town,.That awaits Miss Amy Johnson,.As she is passing up or down. ..In the world of aviation,.There is a name will never die,.And that is Miss Amy Johnson, .And her doings in the sky...-TIM EGAN. Merriwa, N.S.W. - 26 May 1930.
The name of Singapore comes from the native Malay name for the country, Singapura, which was in turn derived from the Sanskrit word for lion city : siṃha means "lion", pura means "city". In Hindu culture, lions are associated with power and protection. The British governor arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and chose the island for the new port. In 1824-1826, the entire island became a British possession. Singapore became the regional capital in 1836 and by 1860 it had a population of over 80,000, more than half being Chinese. In the 1890s, the island became a global center for the rubber industry. After the First World War, the British built the Singapore Naval Base - the largest dry dock in the world. When the British forces surrendered to the Japanese on 15 February 1942, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called the defeat "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, troops led by Lord Louis Mountbatten returned to Singapore. By late 1947 the economy began to recover with Singapore becoming a separate Crown Colony. On 9 August 1965, the Malaysian Parliament voted to amend the constitution which left Singapore as a newly independent country, the Republic of Singapore. Despite ethnic tensions and political issues, economic growth continued throughout the 1980s. Singapore developed high-tech industries and became one of the world's busiest ports.
Élisabeth Thible flew above Lyon, France in 1784. Jeanne Labrosse became the first woman to parachute. Sophie Blanchard took her first balloon flight in 1804, and was made Napoleon's chief of air service in 1811. In 1903, Aida de Acosta, an American woman vacationing in Paris piloted airship, becoming the first known woman to pilot a motorized aircraft. Katharine Wright flew the Wright Model A. Emma Lilian Todd designed her own airplanes. Her first plane flew in 1910. Georgia "Tiny" Broadwick became the first woman to jump from an aircraft in 1913. Raymonde de Laroche, was the world's first licensed female pilot. Seven other French women followed her in 1901-1902. Blanche Scott claimed to be the first American woman to fly an airplane and established herself as a daredevil pilot. Bessica Raiche recognized as the first American woman to make a solo flight. Harriet Quimby became the USA's first licensed female pilot on August 1, 1911 and the first woman to cross the English Channel by airplane the following year. Lidia Zvereva, the first female Russian license performed her first aerobatic loop in 1914. In 1913, Lyubov Golanchikova signed a contract to become the first female test pilot to test "Farman-22" manufactured in Russia. In 1916, Zhang Xiahun (Chinese: 張俠魂) China's first female pilot crashed, becoming a national heroine when she survived. Katherine Stinson became the first woman air mail pilot, when the United States Postal Service. The following year, Ruth Law flew the first official U.S. air mail to the Philippines. In 1936, Hanna Reitsch of Germany became one of the first persons to fly a fully controllable helicopter and earned the first woman helicopter pilot's license. In 1937 Sabiha Gökçen of Turkey became the first trained woman combat pilot, participating in search operations and bombing flight. In 1943 Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) were flying new planes from factories to Army Air Force bases, worked as test pilots. In 1942 Soviet Union created an all-woman combat flight unit, the 588th Night-Bomber Air-Regiment or the Night Witches. They flew harassment and precision bombing missions and "dumped 23,000 tons of bombs on the German invaders". The Soviets also had the only women to be considered flying aces like Lydia Litvyak and Yekaterina Budanova.