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Related
5 year old Helen and her stepsisters "hulling" strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Station, Seaford, Del. Helen is an orphan, who one month after death of her widowed mother, was adopted by the Hope family of Seaford, Del. This is her 2d season at Johnson's Hulling Station. On the day of the investigation she started working at 6 A.M. and at 6 P.M. the same day Helen was still hulling strawberries. Location: Seaford, Delaware
Mother and children hulling strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Station. Cyral (in baby cart) is 2 yrs. old this May and works steadily hulling berries. At times Cyral would rest his little head on his arm and fall asleep for a few minutes and then wake up, commencing all over to hull berries. This is an extreme case - by no means typical and while it was found in this investigation that children 3, 4, 5 yrs. were accustomed to start out before sun-up to pick berries, we have not found many cases such as this. Location: Seaford, Delaware.
Mother and children hulling strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Station. Cyral (in baby cart) is 2 yrs. old this May and works steadily hulling berries. At times Cyral would rest his little head on his arm and fall asleep for a few minutes and then wake up, commencing all over to hull berries. This is an extreme case - by no means typical and while it was found in this investigation that children 3, 4, 5 yrs. were accustomed to start out before sun-up to pick berries, we have not found many cases such as this. Location: Seaford, Delaware
Mother and children hulling strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Station. Cyral (in baby cart) is 2 yrs. old this May and works steadily hulling berries. At times Cyral would rest his little head on his arm and fall asleep for a few minutes and then wake up, commencing all over to hull berries. This is an extreme case - by no means typical and while it was found in this investigation that children 3, 4, 5 yrs. were accustomed to start out before sun-up to pick berries, we have not found many cases such as this. Location: Seaford, Delaware
Mother and children hulling strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Station. Cyral (in baby cart) is 2 yrs. old this May and works steadily hulling berries. At times Cyral would rest his little head on his arm and fall asleep for a few minutes and then wake up, commencing all over to hull berries. This is an extreme case - by no means typical and while it was found in this investigation that children 3, 4, 5 yrs. were accustomed to start out before sun-up to pick berries, we have not found many cases such as this. Location: Seaford, Delaware.
The girl berry carriers on Newton's Farm at Cannon, Del. Ann Parion, 13 years of age, working her 5th season carries 60 lbs. of berries from the fields to the sheds. Andenito Carro, 14 years of age working her 2d season is seen carrying a 25 lb. load of berries. Besides the great physical strain in the carrying such weight, these girls also pick berries. When Andenito was asked her age she responded 12, at which her mother interrupted to say she was past 14. Edward F. Brown, Investigator. Cannon, Del., May 28th, 1910. Location: Cannon, Delaware Photo by Lewis W. Hine
5 year old Helen and her stepsisters hulling strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Sta. Helen is an orphan, who, one... - NARA - 523316
A group of berry pickers on the farm of Mr. Giles, Seaford, Del. 3 children are 3 years of age, 3 are 4 years old, 1 is 5 years old, and 1 is 6 years old. During the berry season the families get out into the field at 4 o'clock in the morning, and each child is assigned to 2 rows of berry growth, each 300 yards, long, and when the whistle of the padrone sounds they start picking and generally quit work about 1 P.M. There are days when the work continues until 4 and 5 o'clock in the evening. Location: Seaford, Delaware.
A mother hulling berries while she nurses her infant. Her other children sit beside her, also at work. Little Mabel Cuthrie i.e., Guthrie?, 4 yrs. old started working last year. Location: Seaford?, Delaware?
5 year old Helen and her stepsisters "hulling" strawberries at Johnson's Hulling Station, Seaford, Del. Helen is an orphan, who one month after death of her widowed mother, was adopted by the Hope family of Seaford, Del. This is her 2d season at Johnson's Hulling Station. On the day of the investigation she started working at 6 A.M. and at 6 P.M. the same day Helen was still hulling strawberries. Location: Seaford, Delaware.
Summary
Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
From the beginning of industrialization in the United States, factory owners often hired young workers. They were working with their parents at textile mills, helping fix machinery at factories and reaching areas too small for an adult to work. For many families child labor was a way to keep hand to mouth. In 1904, the first organization dedicated to the regulation of a child labor appeared. The National Child Labor Committee published tons of information about working conditions and contributed to a legislature of state-level laws on child labor. These laws described limitations for the age of children and imposed the system of compulsory education so that government could keep children at schools far away from the paid labor market until 12, 14 or 16 years. The collection includes photographs from the Library of Congress that were made in the period from 1906 to 1942. As the United States industrialized, factory owners hired young workers for a variety of tasks. Especially in textile mills, children were often hired together with their parents. Children had a special disposition to working in factories as their small statures were useful to fixing machinery and navigating the small areas that fully grown adults could not. Many families in mill towns depended on the children's labor to make enough money for necessities. The National Child Labor Committee, an organization dedicated to the abolition of all child labor, was formed in 1904. By publishing information on the lives and working conditions of young workers, it helped to mobilize popular support for state-level child labor laws. These laws were often paired with compulsory education laws which were designed to keep children in school and out of the paid labor market until a specified age (usually 12, 14, or 16 years.) In 1916, the NCLC and the National Consumers League successfully pressured the US Congress to pass the Keating–Owen Act, which was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. It was the first federal child labor law. However, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the law two years later in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), declaring that the law violated the Commerce Clause by regulating intrastate commerce. In 1924, Congress attempted to pass a constitutional amendment that would authorize a national child labor law. This measure was blocked, and the bill was eventually dropped. It took the Great Depression to end child labor nationwide; adults had become so desperate for jobs that they would work for the same wage as children. In 1938, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which, among other things, placed limits on many forms of child labor. However, The 1938 labor law giving protections to working children excludes agriculture. As a result, approximately 500,000 children pick almost a quarter of the food currently produced in the United States.
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