words and deeds in american history selected documents celebrating the manuscript division first 100 years

408 media by topicpage 1 of 5
Thomas Jefferson's drawing of a macaroni machine and instructions for making pasta, ca. 1787

Thomas Jefferson's drawing of a macaroni machine and instructions for ...

Reproduction number: A30 (color slide); LC-MSS-27748-180 (B&W negative) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), principal author of the Declaration of Independence and third president of the United States, acquired a tas... More

Letter, Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Banneker expressing his belief that blacks possess talents equal to those of "other colours of men," 30 August 1791

Letter, Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Banneker expressing his belief th...

Reproduction number: A54 (color slide); LC-MSS-27748-21 (B&W negative) While serving as secretary of state, Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), one of Virginia's largest planters and slaveholders, wrote this 30 Augus... More

Letter, John Adams to federal department heads ordering the relocation of government offices from Philadelphia to the District of Columbia, 15 May 1800

Letter, John Adams to federal department heads ordering the relocation...

Reproduction number: A29 (color slide); LC-MSS-87668-1 (B&W negative) John Adams (1735-1826), second president of the United States, wrote this 15 May 1800 letter to the heads of the various federal departments... More

Subpoena served on Thomas Jefferson to testify at Aaron Burr's trial for treason, 13 June 1807

Subpoena served on Thomas Jefferson to testify at Aaron Burr's trial f...

Reproduction number: A19 (color slide) Although relationships between presidents and their vice-presidents have often been strained or at best perfunctory, the situation between Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and... More

Letter, Thomas Jefferson to William Plumer regarding the Dartmouth College case, 21 July 1816

Letter, Thomas Jefferson to William Plumer regarding the Dartmouth Col...

Reproduction number: A53 (color slide) Shortly after being elected governor of New Hampshire in 1816, William Plumer (1759-1850), a former United States senator, sought to transform the administration of the st... More

Henry Clay's appointment as secretary of state, 7 March 1825

Henry Clay's appointment as secretary of state, 7 March 1825

Reproduction number: A23 (color slide) In the presidential campaign of 1824 the candidates were John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), Henry Clay (1777-1852), William Harris Crawford (1772-1834), and Andrew Jackson (17... More

Manuscript map, probably made by a French voyageur, of Indian lands of Wisconsin, when part of Michigan Territory, annotated by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, ca. 1831

Manuscript map, probably made by a French voyageur, of Indian lands of...

Reproduction number: A120 (color slide); LC-MSS-39115-7 (B&W negative) This map of Wisconsin river valleys, probably made by a French voyageur, was carried by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1793-1864), the author, eth... More

"Plan of the Ancient Works at Marietta, Ohio," by Charles Whittlesey, 1837

"Plan of the Ancient Works at Marietta, Ohio," by Charles Whittlesey, ...

Reproduction number: A111 (color slide) The multitalented Ephraim George Squier (1821-1888) had an unusual and varied career as journalist, diplomat, and archaeologist. Relatively early in life and in collabora... More

John C. Calhoun's speech to the United States Senate against the Compromise of 1850, 4 March 1850

John C. Calhoun's speech to the United States Senate against the Compr...

Reproduction number: A20 (color slide; page 1) The famous South Carolinian John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) made his last Senate speech during the course of the great debate over the Compromise of 1850, a complicate... More

Shaker religious greeting, watercolor, January 1853

Shaker religious greeting, watercolor, January 1853

Reproduction number: A110 (color slide) In 1776 Mother Ann Lee (1736-1784) and a small group of religious followers purchased land in Niskeyuna (later Watervliet), New York, and founded the first Shaker communi... More

Ulysses S. Grant's commission as lieutenant general signed by Abraham Lincoln, 10 March 1864

Ulysses S. Grant's commission as lieutenant general signed by Abraham ...

Reproduction number: A38 (color slide) Army officer and United States president Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) was at his best in war. Although he was a professional soldier, the United States Army probably was n... More

"Autumn," poem by Helen Keller, 27 October 1893

"Autumn," poem by Helen Keller, 27 October 1893

Reproduction number: A10 (color slide) This poem was written by thirteen-year-old Helen Keller (1880-1968) who, only six years before, was "a wild little creature" who lived in the chilling emptiness and confus... More

Illustrated letter, Frederic Remington to Owen Wister containing a sketch of Remington's bronze Bronco Buster, ca. January 1895

Illustrated letter, Frederic Remington to Owen Wister containing a ske...

Reproduction number: A87 (color slide; page 2); LC-MSS-46177-7 (B&W negative; page 2) Two champions of the old West share their common interest in this illustrated letter, ca. January 1895, from sculptor, illus... More

Telegram, Orville Wright to Bishop Milton Wright announcing the first successful powered flight, 17 December 1903

Telegram, Orville Wright to Bishop Milton Wright announcing the first ...

Reproduction number: A88 (color slide); LC-MSS-46706-5 (B&W negative) Before crashing and damaging their flying machine, Orville Wright (1871-1948) and his brother Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) achieved partial avi... More

Branch Rickey's scouting report on Don Drysdale, 15 June 1954

Branch Rickey's scouting report on Don Drysdale, 15 June 1954

Reproduction number: A75 (color slide) Wesley Branch Rickey (1881-1965), major league baseball manager and executive, was associated over a long career with the St. Louis Browns, St. Louis Cardinals, Brooklyn D... More

Letter, Elizabeth Pennell to Mr. Kennerley concerning Aubrey Beardsley's 1891 illustrated letter about James McNeill Whistler's Peacock Room, 3 April 1929

Letter, Elizabeth Pennell to Mr. Kennerley concerning Aubrey Beardsley...

Reproduction number: A98 (color slide) In this 1929 letter, art historian and collector Elizabeth Robins Pennell (1855-1936) expresses great interest in and appreciation for what she considers the "most interes... More

Letter, Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter White detailing the First Lady's lobbying efforts for federal action against lynchings, 19 March 1936

Letter, Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter White detailing the First Lady's l...

Reproduction number: A69 (color slide); LC-MSS-34140-41 (B&W negative) Lynching was undoubtedly the most terrible crime perpetrated by white supremacists against African Americans. From the late nineteenth cent... More

Letter, Edward R. Murrow to Eric Sevareid offering Sevareid a job with Columbia Broadcasting System's (CBS) European office on the eve of World War II, 16 August 1939

Letter, Edward R. Murrow to Eric Sevareid offering Sevareid a job with...

Reproduction number: A76 (color slide) Over his long career with the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), first in radio and then television, Eric Sevareid (1912-1992) proved himself to be one of the most talent... More

Naval dispatch from the Commander in Chief Pacific (CINCPAC) announcing the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941

Naval dispatch from the Commander in Chief Pacific (CINCPAC) announcin...

Reproduction number: A6 (color slide); LC-MSS-78663-1 (B&W negative) The United States entered World War II on 7 December 1941 when Japanese planes launched a surprise attack on the United States Naval Base at ... More

Letter, Ernest Hemingway to Archibald MacLeish discussing Ezra Pound's mental health and other literary matters, 10 August 1943

Letter, Ernest Hemingway to Archibald MacLeish discussing Ezra Pound's...

Reproduction number: A62 (color slide) Novelist Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) wrote this 10 August [1943] reply to his friend Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982), the distinguished poet and dramatist who served as Li... More

Petition for bail from accused witches, ca. 1692

Petition for bail from accused witches, ca. 1692

Reproduction number: A7 (color slide of original); LC-MSS-12021-1 (B&W negative of original); LC-MSS-12021-2 (B&W negative of typescript) Many American colonists brought with them from Europe a belief in witche... More

Enclosure, John Hancock to George Washington concerning the reading of the Declaration of Independence to the Revolutionary army, 4 July 1776

Enclosure, John Hancock to George Washington concerning the reading of...

Reproduction number: A121 (color slide; page 1); A122 (color slide; page 2) Among the resolutions passed by the Continental Congress on 4 July 1776 was one which called for the president of the Congress, John H... More

Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife, 25 September 1780

Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for hi...

Reproduction number: A80 (color slide; page 1); A81 (color slide; page 2) Brig. Gen. Benedict Arnold (1741-1801) of the Continental army had fought gallantly for the American side since the beginning of the Rev... More

Letter, John Adams to Thomas Jefferson describing the cordial greeting he received from King George III as the first American minister to Great Britain, 3 June 1785

Letter, John Adams to Thomas Jefferson describing the cordial greeting...

Reproduction number: A51 (color slide; page 1); A52 (color slide; page 2) In this 3 June 1785 letter, written in his secretary's hand, John Adams (1735-1826), Revolutionary patriot and later president of the Un... More

Alexander Hamilton's notes for a speech proposing a plan of government at the Federal Convention, 18 June 1787

Alexander Hamilton's notes for a speech proposing a plan of government...

Reproduction number: A46 (color slide; first scanned image; no page number); LC-MSS-24612-14 (B&W negative; pages [95] and [98]) and LC-MSS-24612-15 (B&W negative; page [71]) Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804), law... More

George Washington's first inaugural address, 30 April 1789

George Washington's first inaugural address, 30 April 1789

Reproduction number: A115 (color slide; page 1) George Washington (1732-1799) delivered his first inaugural address to a joint session of Congress, assembled in Federal Hall, New York City, on 30 April 1789. Th... More

Letter, James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, partially written in cipher with translation by Jefferson, 23 May 1789

Letter, James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, partially written in cipher...

Reproduction number: A64 (color slide; page 1) This letter of 23 May 1789 was written by James Madison (1751-1836), a member of the first Congress and later the fourth president of the United States, to Thomas ... More

Thomas Jefferson's design for a plow, ca. 1794. Thomas Jefferson Papers

Thomas Jefferson's design for a plow, ca. 1794. Thomas Jefferson Paper...

Reproduction number: A50 (color slide); LC-MSS-27748-64 (B&W negative) President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), one of Virginia's largest planters, considered agriculture to be "a science of the very first order... More

John Fitch's sketch and description of piston for steamboat propulsion, ca. 1795

John Fitch's sketch and description of piston for steamboat propulsion...

Reproduction number: A35 (color slide); LC-MSS-20990-14 (B&W negative) A pioneer in the application of steam for boat propulsion, John Fitch (1743-1798) constructed four different steamboats between 1785 and 17... More

Draft of Abraham Lincoln's instructions to Maj. Robert Anderson in command at Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina, 4 April 1861

Draft of Abraham Lincoln's instructions to Maj. Robert Anderson in com...

Reproduction number: A105 (color slide; page 1); A106 (color slide; page 2) On 4 March 1861, shortly after delivering his first inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) received word that Fort S... More

Sales contract between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison for an indentured servant's remaining term, 19 April 1809

Sales contract between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison for an inden...

Reproduction number: A91 (color slide) Former President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) wrote this contract on 19 April 1809 (ironically the anniversary of the Battle of Concord and Lexington which began the war f... More

Letter, James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson seeking foreign policy advice, 17 October 1823

Letter, James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson seeking foreign policy advice...

Reproduction number: A117 (color slide; page 1); A118 (color slide; page 2) Responding to a series of proposals from British Foreign Minister George Canning (1770-1827) for a joint Anglo-American condemnation o... More

Letter, Andrew Jackson to Martin Van Buren discussing the nullification crisis, 13 January 1833

Letter, Andrew Jackson to Martin Van Buren discussing the nullificatio...

Reproduction number: A89 (color slide; pages 1 and 4); A90 (color slide; pages 2 and 3) The nullification controversy of 1832-33 confronted Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) with the greatest crisis of his presidency-... More

Letter, Abraham Lincoln to Mary S. Owens reflecting the frustration of courtship, 16 August 1837

Letter, Abraham Lincoln to Mary S. Owens reflecting the frustration of...

Reproduction number: A103 (color slide; page 1); A104 (color slide; page 2); LC-MSS-03189-78 (B&W negative; pages 1 and 2) In autumn 1836, Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), then a twenty-seven-year-old Illinois repr... More

Illustrated letter, Amasa J. Parker to Harriet Parker describing the boardinghouse where he and two future presidents resided, 31 December 1837

Illustrated letter, Amasa J. Parker to Harriet Parker describing the b...

Reproduction number: A119 (color slide; pages 2-3); LC-MSS-35477-1 (B&W negative; page 2) In the earlier years of the republic, wives and families of members of Congress often did not accompany their husbands a... More

Samuel F. B. Morse's colored sketch of railway telegraph, ca. 1838

Samuel F. B. Morse's colored sketch of railway telegraph, ca. 1838

Reproduction number: A67 (color slide) Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872), perhaps best known as the inventor of the first practical telegraph instrument, began his career as an artist and enjoyed a secure ... More

"The Village Blacksmith," poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ca. 1840, published 1841 in Ballads and Other Poems

"The Village Blacksmith," poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ca. 1840...

Reproduction number: A109 (color slide; page 1); LC-MSS-92775-1 (B&W negative; page 1) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882), college professor and one of America's most famous poets, enjoyed wide acceptance o... More

First telegraph message, 24 May 1844

First telegraph message, 24 May 1844

Reproduction number: A97 (color slide) Artist and inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872) is credited with developing the first practical telegraph instrument, an apparatus he formally demonstrated on 2... More

Retained copy of letter, James K. Polk to the Committee of the Democratic National Convention accepting the Democratic presidential nomination, 12 June 1844

Retained copy of letter, James K. Polk to the Committee of the Democra...

Reproduction number: A72 (color slide; page 1); A73 (color slide; page 2) James K. Polk (1795-1849), the first "dark horse" candidate for the presidency, became the nominee of the Democratic Party at its nation... More

Daniel Webster's notes for his speech to the United States Senate favoring the Compromise of 1850, 7 March 1850

Daniel Webster's notes for his speech to the United States Senate favo...

Reproduction number: A82 (color slide); LC-MSS-44925-2 (B&W negative) Daniel Webster (1782-1852), United States senator from Massachusetts, rose on 7 March 1850 to support a complex series of statutes introduce... More

Letter, Elizabeth Blackwell to Baroness Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron concerning women's rights and the education of women physicians, 4 March 1851

Letter, Elizabeth Blackwell to Baroness Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron c...

Reproduction number: A11 (color slide; pages 1 and 4); A12 (color slide; pages 2 and 3) I do not wish to give [women] a first place, still less a second one--but the most complete freedom, to take their true pl... More

Examiner's questions for admittance to the American (or Know-Nothing) Party, July 1854

Examiner's questions for admittance to the American (or Know-Nothing) ...

Reproduction number: A3 (color slide) Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movements in American political life had their inception in the 1840s, due to the arrival of large numbers of Irish immigrants at that time... More

Letter, Ralph Waldo Emerson to Walt Whitman extolling Whitman's poetry, 21 July 1855

Letter, Ralph Waldo Emerson to Walt Whitman extolling Whitman's poetry...

Reproduction number: A32 (color slide; page 1); A33 (color slide; pages 2 and 3); A34 (color slide; pages 4 and 5); LC-MSS-18630-5 (B&W negatives; pages 1-5) Probably the most important letter in American liter... More

"The Tristram's Saga," vellum fragment in Icelandic, 15th century

"The Tristram's Saga," vellum fragment in Icelandic, 15th century

Reproduction number: A96 (color slide); LC-MSS-21170-1 (B&W negative) During the twelfth century, Norwegian kings sent scribes to France to transcribe Charlemagne tales and other contemporary romances. Among th... More

Letter, Roger Brooke Taney to Caleb Cushing thanking Cushing for his support of Taney's decision in the Dred Scott case, 9 November 1857

Letter, Roger Brooke Taney to Caleb Cushing thanking Cushing for his s...

Reproduction number: A25 (color slide; pages 1 and 2); A26 (color slide; pages 3 and 4) Dred Scott v. Sanford, 19 How. 393, was decided by the United States Supreme Court on 6 March 1857. Scott (1809-1858), a s... More

Letter, Mary Todd Lincoln to Abraham Lincoln advising her husband to remove the hesitant Gen. George B. McClellan from command, 2 November 1862

Letter, Mary Todd Lincoln to Abraham Lincoln advising her husband to r...

Reproduction number: A107 (color slide; pages 1 and 2); A108 (color slide; page 3) It is difficult to determine exactly when First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln (1818-1882) lost confidence in George Brinton McClellan ... More

Letter (pages 13-20), Varina Davis to Montgomery Blair describing the capture of her husband, Jefferson Davis, 6 June 1865

Letter (pages 13-20), Varina Davis to Montgomery Blair describing the ...

Reproduction number: A13 (color slide; page 16); A14 (color slide; page 17) As the Civil War drew to a close, Jefferson Davis (1808-1889), president of the Confederate States of America, fled Richmond with his ... More

Page of Abraham Lincoln's student sum book, ca. 1824-26

Page of Abraham Lincoln's student sum book, ca. 1824-26

Reproduction number: A48 (color slide; front); A49 (color slide; verso); LC-MSS-25791-2 (B&W negatives; front and verso) In his autobiography, President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) claimed that the aggregate of... More

Charles Wellington Reed's pencil sketch of Abraham Lincoln at City Point, Virginia, 1865

Charles Wellington Reed's pencil sketch of Abraham Lincoln at City Poi...

Reproduction number: A112 (color slide) Civil War soldier and artist Charles Wellington Reed (1841-1926) was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 1 April 1841. He enlisted in the Ninth Massachusetts Light Artiller... More

Alexander Graham Bell's design sketch of the telephone, ca. 1876

Alexander Graham Bell's design sketch of the telephone, ca. 1876

Reproduction number: A8 (color slide; front); A9 (color slide; verso); LC-MSS-51268-6 (B&W negative; front) This sketch made its way from Boston, Massachusetts, to Australia and back to the United States in tim... More

New Year's greeting from presidential assassin Charles Julius Guiteau to his jailer, 31 December 1881

New Year's greeting from presidential assassin Charles Julius Guiteau ...

Reproduction number: A45 (color slide) Presidential assassinations maintain a strong hold on the American imagination. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) continues to resonate with Ameri... More

Letter and corrected reprint of Walt Whitman's "O Captain, My Captain" with comments by author, 9 February 1888

Letter and corrected reprint of Walt Whitman's "O Captain, My Captain"...

Reproduction number: A83 (color slide of letter); A84 (color slide of poem reprint); LC-MSS-77909-1 (B&W negative of poem reprint) Inspired by the death of President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), Walt Whitman (1... More

Letter with illustrated fable, Theodore Roosevelt to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., 11 July 1890

Letter with illustrated fable, Theodore Roosevelt to Theodore Roosevel...

Reproduction number: A113 (color slide; pages 1-2) Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), twenty-sixth president of the United States (1901-09), strived for a life that embodied his ideal of assertive masculinity. At ... More

Illustrated letter, Aubrey Beardsley to G. F. Scotson-Clark concerning James McNeill Whistler's Peacock Room, 1891

Illustrated letter, Aubrey Beardsley to G. F. Scotson-Clark concerning...

Reproduction number: A99 (color slide; pages 1 and 4); A100 (color slide; pages 2 and 3); LC-MSS-35857-2 (B&W negative; sketch) In July 1891 a consumptive nineteen-year-old London clerk, Aubrey Beardsley (1872-... More

Draft of Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Woman's Bible, ca. 1895

Draft of Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Woman's Bible, ca. 1895

Reproduction number: A114 (color slide; Chapter II, page 3) Although most often identified as a suffragist, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) participated in a variety of reform initiatives during her lifetime... More

Letter, James McNeill Whistler to David Croal Thomson containing the artist's famed butterfly signature and discussing his hope that no painting of his remain in England, July 1895

Letter, James McNeill Whistler to David Croal Thomson containing the a...

Reproduction number: A92 (color slide; page 1 and envelope); A93 (color slide; page 2) This letter from one of the nineteenth century's most important painters to the man who functioned almost as a personal age... More

Plate, punch card, and instructions for Herman Hollerith's Electric Sorting and Tabulating Machine, ca. 1895

Plate, punch card, and instructions for Herman Hollerith's Electric So...

Reproduction number: A55 (color slide; pages 4 and 5 of instructions); A56 (color slide; plate and punch card) Modern data processing began with the inventions of American engineer Herman Hollerith (1860-1929),... More

Letter, Susan B. Anthony to Adelaide Johnson discussing women ministers and Johnson's sculpture memorializing prominent suffragists, 8 February 1896

Letter, Susan B. Anthony to Adelaide Johnson discussing women minister...

Reproduction number: A4 (color slide; page 1); A5 (color slide; page 2) On 29 January 1896, sculptor Adelaide Johnson (1859-1955) married English businessman Alexander Frederick Jenkins, in her Washington, D.C.... More

Letter, Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute concerning the Wright brothers' aviation experiments, 13 May 1900

Letter, Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute concerning the Wright brothers...

Reproduction number: A21 (color slide; first page); A22 (color slide; last page); LC-MSS-15560-1 (B&W negatives; pages 1-5) Engineer Octave Chanute (1832-1910), a friend and supporter of Wilbur Wright (1867-191... More

Lee De Forest's schematic diagrams and scientific notes on hotel stationery, ca. 1915

Lee De Forest's schematic diagrams and scientific notes on hotel stati...

Reproduction number: A27 (color slide; page 1); A28 (color slide; page 2) The prolific American inventor Lee De Forest (1873-1961), is one of several contenders for the title "Father of Radio." Having obtained ... More

Woodrow Wilson's speech notes, in shorthand, for his "Fourteen Points" address, 8 January 1918

Woodrow Wilson's speech notes, in shorthand, for his "Fourteen Points"...

Reproduction number: A85 (color slide; pages 1-3); LC-MSS-46029-14 (B&W negative; pages 6-8 on one negative) President Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) frequently used shorthand to record his first thoughts on topics... More

Letter, Margaret Mead to her grandmother Martha Ramsay Mead discussing her decision to retain her maiden name, 7 December 1923

Letter, Margaret Mead to her grandmother Martha Ramsay Mead discussing...

Reproduction number: A66 (color slide; page 1) Margaret Mead (1901-1978) was a prominent twentieth-century educator, writer, and lecturer. An anthropologist by occupation, she studied the lives of natives of Sa... More

Letter, Billy Gobitas to Minersville, Pennsylvania, school directors, explaining why the young Jehovah's Witness refused to salute the American flag, 5 November 1935

Letter, Billy Gobitas to Minersville, Pennsylvania, school directors, ...

Reproduction number: A43 (color slide; page 1); A44 (color slide; page 2); LC-MSS-78637-1 (B&W negative; pages 1-2) "I do not salute the flag because I have promised to do the will of God," wrote ten-year-old B... More

Clare Boothe Luce's scene description of her play The Women, ca. 1936

Clare Boothe Luce's scene description of her play The Women, ca. 1936

Reproduction number: A61 (color slide; page 1); LC-MSS-30759-1 (B&W negative; pages 1-3) Clare Boothe Luce (1903-1987), who had successful careers as author, editor, playwright, journalist, congresswoman, and d... More

Drafts of Langston Hughes's poem "Ballad of Booker T.," 30 May-1 June 1941

Drafts of Langston Hughes's poem "Ballad of Booker T.," 30 May-1 June ...

Reproduction number: A57 (color slide; first and second drafts); A58 (color slide; final draft) Langston Hughes (1902-1967), known for his lyric poetry, often wrote insightful commentaries about African-America... More

Letter, John F. Kennedy to Clare Boothe Luce thanking the congresswoman for a good luck coin, 29 September 1942

Letter, John F. Kennedy to Clare Boothe Luce thanking the congresswoma...

Reproduction number: A60 (color slide; pages 1-4) In 1942 a young John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) entered the United States Navy eager to see action in World War II. Clare Boothe Luce (1903-1987), playwright, diplo... More

Memorandum in Russian from Joseph Stalin about opening a second front in Europe during World War II, with English translation of same, 13 August 1942

Memorandum in Russian from Joseph Stalin about opening a second front ...

Reproduction number: A47 (color slide; pages 1 and 2) In 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) appointed financier and businessman W. Averell Harriman (1891-1986) as his "special representative" to G... More

Letter, Franklin D. Roosevelt to J. Robert Oppenheimer thanking the physicist and his colleagues for their ongoing secret atomic research, 29 June 1943

Letter, Franklin D. Roosevelt to J. Robert Oppenheimer thanking the ph...

Reproduction number: A70 (color slide; pages 1-2) In the midst of World War II when the United States was engaged abroad in a major conflict with Germany and Japan, it was also working furiously at home toward ... More

Gen. George S. Patton's diary entries for March 1943

Gen. George S. Patton's diary entries for March 1943

Reproduction number: A71 (color slide; 11-12 March 1943) One of the military innovations of World War I was the emergence of the armored tank. George S. Patton, Jr. (1885-1945), was the first American officer a... More

Gen. Douglas MacArthur's "Old Soldiers Never Die" address to Congress, 19 April 1951

Gen. Douglas MacArthur's "Old Soldiers Never Die" address to Congress,...

Reproduction number: A63 (color slide; first and last pages) Gen. Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) was one of most prominent United States military figures of the first half of the twentieth century. In World War ... More

Notes, William O. Douglas to Earl Warren, 11 May 1954; Harold H. Burton to Warren, 17 May 1954; and Felix Frankfurter to Warren, 17 May 1954, concerning Chief Justice Warren's decision in Brown v. Board of Education

Notes, William O. Douglas to Earl Warren, 11 May 1954; Harold H. Burto...

Reproduction number: A79 (color slide) The justices of the United States Supreme Court communicate with one another about individual cases throughout the judicial process, from the initial decision about accept... More

Felix Frankfurter's draft decree to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decision, 8 April 1955

Felix Frankfurter's draft decree to enforce the Brown v. Board of Educ...

Reproduction number: A36 (color slide; pages 1 and 2); LC-MSS-47571-3 (B&W negative; page 2) On 17 May 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren (1891-1974) delivered the Supreme Court's unanimous opinion in Brown v. Boar... More

Enclosure, John Hancock to George Washington concerning the reading of the Declaration of Independence to the Revolutionary army, 4 July 1776

Enclosure, John Hancock to George Washington concerning the reading of...

Reproduction number: A121 (color slide; page 1); A122 (color slide; page 2) Among the resolutions passed by the Continental Congress on 4 July 1776 was one which called for the president of the Congress, John H... More

Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife, 25 September 1780

Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for hi...

Reproduction number: A80 (color slide; page 1); A81 (color slide; page 2) Brig. Gen. Benedict Arnold (1741-1801) of the Continental army had fought gallantly for the American side since the beginning of the Rev... More

Letter, John Adams to Thomas Jefferson describing the cordial greeting he received from King George III as the first American minister to Great Britain, 3 June 1785

Letter, John Adams to Thomas Jefferson describing the cordial greeting...

Reproduction number: A51 (color slide; page 1); A52 (color slide; page 2) In this 3 June 1785 letter, written in his secretary's hand, John Adams (1735-1826), Revolutionary patriot and later president of the Un... More

Alexander Hamilton's notes for a speech proposing a plan of government at the Federal Convention, 18 June 1787

Alexander Hamilton's notes for a speech proposing a plan of government...

Reproduction number: A46 (color slide; first scanned image; no page number); LC-MSS-24612-14 (B&W negative; pages [95] and [98]) and LC-MSS-24612-15 (B&W negative; page [71]) Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804), law... More

Letter, James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, partially written in cipher with translation by Jefferson, 23 May 1789

Letter, James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, partially written in cipher...

Reproduction number: A64 (color slide; page 1) This letter of 23 May 1789 was written by James Madison (1751-1836), a member of the first Congress and later the fourth president of the United States, to Thomas ... More

George Washington's first inaugural address, 30 April 1789

George Washington's first inaugural address, 30 April 1789

Reproduction number: A115 (color slide; page 1) George Washington (1732-1799) delivered his first inaugural address to a joint session of Congress, assembled in Federal Hall, New York City, on 30 April 1789. Th... More

Thomas Jefferson's design for a plow, ca. 1794. Thomas Jefferson Papers

Thomas Jefferson's design for a plow, ca. 1794. Thomas Jefferson Paper...

Reproduction number: A50 (color slide); LC-MSS-27748-64 (B&W negative) President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), one of Virginia's largest planters, considered agriculture to be "a science of the very first order... More

John Fitch's sketch and description of piston for steamboat propulsion, ca. 1795

John Fitch's sketch and description of piston for steamboat propulsion...

Reproduction number: A35 (color slide); LC-MSS-20990-14 (B&W negative) A pioneer in the application of steam for boat propulsion, John Fitch (1743-1798) constructed four different steamboats between 1785 and 17... More

Draft of Abraham Lincoln's instructions to Maj. Robert Anderson in command at Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina, 4 April 1861

Draft of Abraham Lincoln's instructions to Maj. Robert Anderson in com...

Reproduction number: A105 (color slide; page 1); A106 (color slide; page 2) On 4 March 1861, shortly after delivering his first inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) received word that Fort S... More

Letter, James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson seeking foreign policy advice, 17 October 1823

Letter, James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson seeking foreign policy advice...

Reproduction number: A117 (color slide; page 1); A118 (color slide; page 2) Responding to a series of proposals from British Foreign Minister George Canning (1770-1827) for a joint Anglo-American condemnation o... More

Letter, Andrew Jackson to Martin Van Buren discussing the nullification crisis, 13 January 1833

Letter, Andrew Jackson to Martin Van Buren discussing the nullificatio...

Reproduction number: A89 (color slide; pages 1 and 4); A90 (color slide; pages 2 and 3) The nullification controversy of 1832-33 confronted Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) with the greatest crisis of his presidency-... More

Letter, Abraham Lincoln to Mary S. Owens reflecting the frustration of courtship, 16 August 1837

Letter, Abraham Lincoln to Mary S. Owens reflecting the frustration of...

Reproduction number: A103 (color slide; page 1); A104 (color slide; page 2); LC-MSS-03189-78 (B&W negative; pages 1 and 2) In autumn 1836, Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), then a twenty-seven-year-old Illinois repr... More

Illustrated letter, Amasa J. Parker to Harriet Parker describing the boardinghouse where he and two future presidents resided, 31 December 1837

Illustrated letter, Amasa J. Parker to Harriet Parker describing the b...

Reproduction number: A119 (color slide; pages 2-3); LC-MSS-35477-1 (B&W negative; page 2) In the earlier years of the republic, wives and families of members of Congress often did not accompany their husbands a... More

Samuel F. B. Morse's colored sketch of railway telegraph, ca. 1838

Samuel F. B. Morse's colored sketch of railway telegraph, ca. 1838

Reproduction number: A67 (color slide) Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872), perhaps best known as the inventor of the first practical telegraph instrument, began his career as an artist and enjoyed a secure ... More

"The Village Blacksmith," poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ca. 1840, published 1841 in Ballads and Other Poems

"The Village Blacksmith," poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ca. 1840...

Reproduction number: A109 (color slide; page 1); LC-MSS-92775-1 (B&W negative; page 1) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882), college professor and one of America's most famous poets, enjoyed wide acceptance o... More

Retained copy of letter, James K. Polk to the Committee of the Democratic National Convention accepting the Democratic presidential nomination, 12 June 1844

Retained copy of letter, James K. Polk to the Committee of the Democra...

Reproduction number: A72 (color slide; page 1); A73 (color slide; page 2) James K. Polk (1795-1849), the first "dark horse" candidate for the presidency, became the nominee of the Democratic Party at its nation... More

First telegraph message, 24 May 1844

First telegraph message, 24 May 1844

Reproduction number: A97 (color slide) Artist and inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872) is credited with developing the first practical telegraph instrument, an apparatus he formally demonstrated on 2... More

Daniel Webster's notes for his speech to the United States Senate favoring the Compromise of 1850, 7 March 1850

Daniel Webster's notes for his speech to the United States Senate favo...

Reproduction number: A82 (color slide); LC-MSS-44925-2 (B&W negative) Daniel Webster (1782-1852), United States senator from Massachusetts, rose on 7 March 1850 to support a complex series of statutes introduce... More

Letter, Elizabeth Blackwell to Baroness Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron concerning women's rights and the education of women physicians, 4 March 1851

Letter, Elizabeth Blackwell to Baroness Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron c...

Reproduction number: A11 (color slide; pages 1 and 4); A12 (color slide; pages 2 and 3) I do not wish to give [women] a first place, still less a second one--but the most complete freedom, to take their true pl... More

Examiner's questions for admittance to the American (or Know-Nothing) Party, July 1854

Examiner's questions for admittance to the American (or Know-Nothing) ...

Reproduction number: A3 (color slide) Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movements in American political life had their inception in the 1840s, due to the arrival of large numbers of Irish immigrants at that time... More

Letter, Ralph Waldo Emerson to Walt Whitman extolling Whitman's poetry, 21 July 1855

Letter, Ralph Waldo Emerson to Walt Whitman extolling Whitman's poetry...

Reproduction number: A32 (color slide; page 1); A33 (color slide; pages 2 and 3); A34 (color slide; pages 4 and 5); LC-MSS-18630-5 (B&W negatives; pages 1-5) Probably the most important letter in American liter... More

"The Tristram's Saga," vellum fragment in Icelandic, 15th century

"The Tristram's Saga," vellum fragment in Icelandic, 15th century

Reproduction number: A96 (color slide); LC-MSS-21170-1 (B&W negative) During the twelfth century, Norwegian kings sent scribes to France to transcribe Charlemagne tales and other contemporary romances. Among th... More

Letter, Roger Brooke Taney to Caleb Cushing thanking Cushing for his support of Taney's decision in the Dred Scott case, 9 November 1857

Letter, Roger Brooke Taney to Caleb Cushing thanking Cushing for his s...

Reproduction number: A25 (color slide; pages 1 and 2); A26 (color slide; pages 3 and 4) Dred Scott v. Sanford, 19 How. 393, was decided by the United States Supreme Court on 6 March 1857. Scott (1809-1858), a s... More

Letter, Mary Todd Lincoln to Abraham Lincoln advising her husband to remove the hesitant Gen. George B. McClellan from command, 2 November 1862

Letter, Mary Todd Lincoln to Abraham Lincoln advising her husband to r...

Reproduction number: A107 (color slide; pages 1 and 2); A108 (color slide; page 3) It is difficult to determine exactly when First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln (1818-1882) lost confidence in George Brinton McClellan ... More

Page of Abraham Lincoln's student sum book, ca. 1824-26

Page of Abraham Lincoln's student sum book, ca. 1824-26

Reproduction number: A48 (color slide; front); A49 (color slide; verso); LC-MSS-25791-2 (B&W negatives; front and verso) In his autobiography, President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) claimed that the aggregate of... More

Letter (pages 13-20), Varina Davis to Montgomery Blair describing the capture of her husband, Jefferson Davis, 6 June 1865

Letter (pages 13-20), Varina Davis to Montgomery Blair describing the ...

Reproduction number: A13 (color slide; page 16); A14 (color slide; page 17) As the Civil War drew to a close, Jefferson Davis (1808-1889), president of the Confederate States of America, fled Richmond with his ... More

Charles Wellington Reed's pencil sketch of Abraham Lincoln at City Point, Virginia, 1865

Charles Wellington Reed's pencil sketch of Abraham Lincoln at City Poi...

Reproduction number: A112 (color slide) Civil War soldier and artist Charles Wellington Reed (1841-1926) was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 1 April 1841. He enlisted in the Ninth Massachusetts Light Artiller... More

Alexander Graham Bell's design sketch of the telephone, ca. 1876

Alexander Graham Bell's design sketch of the telephone, ca. 1876

Reproduction number: A8 (color slide; front); A9 (color slide; verso); LC-MSS-51268-6 (B&W negative; front) This sketch made its way from Boston, Massachusetts, to Australia and back to the United States in tim... More

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