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To Sinai via the Red Sea, Tor, and Wady Hebran. Narrow defile at the watershed of Wady Hebran
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Title from: Catalogue of photographs & lantern slides ... [1936?].
Photograph taken from the upstream area of Naqb Hibran ('Ajary/Wataiya) above the junction with Wadi Mureiyikh, looking southeast and showing the mainstream area of the Naqb in the foreground in the centre and the vicinity of Wadi Halyan (Kabrin) below the round-shape summit of Gebel Salat Abudli to the left, from a 7.5km distance. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
The northern end of Naqb Hibran is known for its prehistoric stone-built burials "Nawamis", which forms a cluster of three groups with the lower group in Wadi Sulaf. The burials date back to the Chalcolithic-Early Bronze Age (5th-4th millenniums BCE). Camels replaced feral donkeys in transportation in 2nd millennium BCE, though domesticated donkeys are still used in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula. Nabatean rock inscriptions are found along Wadi Hibran at 18 different sites (1st century CE). Wadi Hibran is part of the route from El Tur on the Gulf of Suez to Mount Sinai (Biblical Sinai) and is known as part of "Siqqat Abbas Basha". It was traversed by Abbas Helmi I, the Khedive of Egypt (1849-54). The pasha visited Sinai Peninsula in 1853-54 and paved several paths. As a result, the route became more frequented by travellers between mid-19th and early 20th centuries CE. Awlad Sa'aed tribe (14th century CE) inhabits Wadi Hibran. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Caption on negative: Upper part of Wady Hebran.
Date from Matson LOT cards.
Gift; Episcopal Home; 1978.
The G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection is a source of historical images of the Middle East. The majority of the images depict Palestine (present-day Israel and the West Bank) from 1898 to 1946. Most of the Library of Congress collection consists of over 23,000 glass and film photographic negatives and transparencies created by the American Colony Photo Department and its successor firm, the Matson Photo Service. The American Colony Photo Department in Jerusalem was one of several photo services operating in the Middle East before 1900. Catering primarily to the tourist trade, the American Colony and its competitors photographed holy sites, often including costumed actors recreating Biblical scenes. The firm’s photographers were residents of Palestine with knowledge of the land and people that gave them an advantage and made their coverage intimate and comprehensive. They documented Middle East culture, history, and political events from before World War I through the collapse of Ottoman rule, the British Mandate period, World War II, and the emergence of the State of Israel. The Matson Collection also includes images of people and locations in present-day Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Turkey. Additionally, the firm produced photographs from an East African trip. The collection came to the Library of Congress between 1966 and 1981, through a series of gifts made by Eric Matson and his beneficiary, the Home for the Aged of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Los Angeles (now called the Kensington Episcopal Home).
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