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To Sinai by car. Wadi Feiran. A halt on the way
Summary
Title from: Catalogue of photographs & lantern slides ... [1936?].
Date from Matson LOT cards.
Photograph taken from Wadi El Sheikh and below the junction with (Wadi Musallam and Wadi Sawawin?), looking west and showing the vicinity of Wadi Feiran to the right, the crown-shape summits of Gebel Serbal from centre-right to centre-left in the background, and the vicinity of Wadi Duhisa to the left, from an 8km distance. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Wadi El Sheikh section from Watiya Pass (Muk'ad Musa or Moses Seat) in the east to El Buwyb in the west is dotted by prehistoric sites and sediments of Paleo-lakes (old stone age desert lakes) from Upper Paleolithic (33,805-29,580 BCE) to Early Bronze Age (3150-2950 BCE) and later periods. Wadi El Sheikh was the upland section of Darb El Batraa in Sinai Peninsula (Way of Petra or Exdous Traditional Route). Gebel Serbal towers Feiran Oasis (Biblical Rephidim) to the south. The oasis was also known Palm Grove of B'aal and thought to be the true location of Mount Sinai (Biblical Sinai) in 3rd century CE. Wadi El Sheikh had been the way to Mount Sinai (Biblical Sinai) and Saint Catherine Monastery for pilgrims, travellers and scholars since 4th century CE. Sawalha (14th century CE) and other tribes inhabit the vicinity. The dirt-road to Saint Catherine Monastery via Wadi Feiran and Wadi El Sheikh was constructed in 1920s CE. Motor vehicles started replacing camels in Sinai Peninsula in the 1920s and 1930s CE, suggesting the photograph was captured during that period. Though, camels were still widely used through mid 20th century CE and until 1967-1982 CE, especially in remote areas until nowadays. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Gift; Episcopal Home; 1978.
The automobile was first invented and perfected in Germany and France in the late 1890s. Americans quickly came to dominate the automotive industry after WWI. Throughout this initial era, the development of automotive technology was rapid. Hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Key developments included the electric ignition system, independent suspension, and four-wheel brakes. Transmissions and throttle controls were widely adopted and safety glass also made its debut. Henry Ford perfected mass-production techniques, and Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler emerged as the “Big Three” auto companies by the 1920s. Car manufacturers received enormous orders from the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in the United States, Europe, and Japan soared.
The G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection is a source of historical images of the Middle East. The majority of the images depict Palestine (present-day Israel and the West Bank) from 1898 to 1946. Most of the Library of Congress collection consists of over 23,000 glass and film photographic negatives and transparencies created by the American Colony Photo Department and its successor firm, the Matson Photo Service. The American Colony Photo Department in Jerusalem was one of several photo services operating in the Middle East before 1900. Catering primarily to the tourist trade, the American Colony and its competitors photographed holy sites, often including costumed actors recreating Biblical scenes. The firm’s photographers were residents of Palestine with knowledge of the land and people that gave them an advantage and made their coverage intimate and comprehensive. They documented Middle East culture, history, and political events from before World War I through the collapse of Ottoman rule, the British Mandate period, World War II, and the emergence of the State of Israel. The Matson Collection also includes images of people and locations in present-day Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Turkey. Additionally, the firm produced photographs from an East African trip. The collection came to the Library of Congress between 1966 and 1981, through a series of gifts made by Eric Matson and his beneficiary, the Home for the Aged of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Los Angeles (now called the Kensington Episcopal Home).
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