The Tower of Wisdom from BL Arundel 83, f. 135

Miniature of Tower of Wisdom, from John of Metz, from the De Lisle Psalter (Arundel 83 II), an allegorical representation and personification of Christian virtues. Image taken from f. 135 of Psalter (the 'De Lisle Psalter'; 'Arundel 83 II'), including a Sarum calendar (ff. 117-122v), followed by 24 illustrations: 13 moral, devotional, and theological diagrams, 9 pages of images of the life of Christ, and two facing miniatures of the Madonna and child and the Crucifixion (ff. 123v-135). Written in Latin, with French and English.

The Arundel Manuscript Collection was amassed by the Howard family, particularly Thomas Howard, the 2nd Earl of Arundel (1585-1646). Thomas Howard, the 2nd Earl of Arundel, who was a prominent figure during the early 17th century in England. Thomas Howard enjoyed a close relationship with King Charles I, and this connection allowed him to expand his collection. The king was granting him privileges to purchase manuscripts and books, and the collection grew in size and importance.

The English Civil War and the execution of King Charles I had a significant impact on Thomas Howard's life. During the war and the Commonwealth period, his collection faced threats of dispersion and destruction. Howard managed to protect many of his books and manuscripts by sending them abroad for safekeeping. After the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the collection was returned to the Howard family.