Petrus Christus - A Goldsmith in his Shop

Petrus Christus (1410–1475) was an Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges from 1444, where, along with Hans Memling, he became the leading painter after the death of Jan van Eyck. He was influenced by van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden and is noted for his innovations with linear perspective and a meticulous technique that seems derived from miniatures and manuscript illumination. Today, some 30 works are confidently attributed to him. The best-known include the 1446 Portrait of a Carthusian and c. 1470 Berlin Portrait of a Young Girl, both are highly innovative in the presentation of the figure against detailed, rather than flat, backgrounds.

Голландская школа живописи датируется ранним голландским (1400 год), голландским Ренессансом (1584 год), а позднее голландской живописью золотого века в Объединенных Провинциях. Детальный реализм раннеголландской живописи, возглавляемой Робертом Кампином и Яном ван Эйком в 1420-х и 1430-х годах, сегодня принято считать началом раннего северного Возрождения в живописи. Этот стиль пользовался большим уважением в Италии, но почти до конца XV века на Север оказывалось незначительное влияние. Несмотря на частые культурные и художественные обмены, феодалы (1530 год) не имели никакого отношения к итальянскому феодализму. Среди знаменитых северных пейзажистов были очень индивидуалистические художники, такие как Онимус Онимус и Петер Брейгель Старший, которые разрабатывали стили, подражаемые многими последующими поколениями. В XVI веке северные пейзажи все больше переселялись в Италию, так что искусство Микеланджело и Феля, а также поздний Ренессанс оказали большое влияние на их творчество. Онимус Мбаппе и Геген Сен-Янс - хорошо известные примеры голландского пафоса XV-XVI веков. В северных Нидерландах Реформация почти полностью положила конец религиозной живописи. Портретная живопись медленно распространялась от элиты к новым богатствам. К концу XVI века такие художники, как Карел ван Мандер и Хендрик Гольфстрим, собрались в Феллеме в короткую, но интенсивную фазу северного феодализма, который также распространился на Фландерс. В период с 1605 по 1635 год в городе было создано более 100 тысяч картин. Реми ван Рейн, Франс Озил, Фабрегас, Якоб ван Рюйсдаль и Ян Стин - это лишь несколько имен из прошлого века.

The term "Northern Renaissance" refers to the art development of c.1430-1580 in the Netherlands Low Countries and Germany. The Low Countries, particularly Flanders with cities Antwerp, Ghent, and Bruges, were, along with Florence, the most economically advanced region in Europe. As in Florence, urban culture peaked here. The common understanding of the Renaissance places the birth of the Renaissance in Florence, Italy. Rennaisance's ideas migrated to Germany from Italy because of the travels of Albrecht Dϋrer. Northern artists such as Jan van Eyck remained attached to Medieval traditions. In their paintings, Low Countries painters attempted to reproduce space, color, volume, and light as naturalistically as possible. They achieved the perfection of oil paint in the almost impossible representation of things and objects. Rather than draw upon Classical Greek and Roman aesthetics like their Italian counterparts, Northern European Renaissance artists retained a Gothic sensibility of woodblock printing and illuminated manuscripts which clearly distinguished Northern Rennaisance art from Italian. Unlike Italian artists, northern painters were not interested in rediscovering the spirit of ancient Greece. Instead, they sought to exploit the full potential of oil paint, and capture nature exactly as they found it. Unlike their Italian counterparts, who embraced a mathematically calculated linear perspective and constructed a picture from within, Dutch artists used an empirical perspective with precise observation and knowledge of the consistency of light and things. They painted as they saw and came very close to the effect of central perspective. Long before Leonardo, they invented aerial and color perspectives. More, as with real-world human vision, their far-away shapes lose contours, and the intensity of the colors fades to a bluish hue. Robert Campin (c.1378-1444), was noted for works like the Seilern Triptych (1410) and the Merode Altarpiece (1425); Jan van Eyck (1390-1441) was noted for the Ghent Altarpiece (1432) and The Arnolfini Marriage (1434); Jan Eyck's pupil Petrus Christus (c.1410-75), best known for his Portrait of a Young Girl (1470, Gemaldegalerie, Berlin); Roger Van der Weyden (1400-64) noted for his extraordinary realism as in his masterpiece Descent From the Cross (Deposition) (1435), for the Church of Notre Dame du Dehors (now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid); Dieric Bouts (1420-75) for his devotional pictures; Hugo Van Der Goes (1440-82) famous for The Portinari Altarpiece (1475) which influenced the Early Renaissance in Florence; Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) noted for The Garden of Earthly Delights (1510-15) and other moralizing works; Joachim Patenier (1485-1524) the pioneer landscape painter; and Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c.1525-1569) known for landscape narratives such as The Tower of Babel (1563).

• Petrus Christus | A Goldsmith in his Shop
• A Goldsmith in His Shop - Wikipedia
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• A Goldsmith in his Shop - Arnolfini Portrait
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• A Goldsmith in His Shop by Petrus Christus Painting Term Paper
• Petrus Christus, A Goldsmith in his Shop - DailyArt Magazine
• Ring around the cross | National Catholic Reporter
• "A Goldsmith in His Shop, Possibly Saint Eligius" Petrus Christus