Der Titusbogen und der Tempel der Venus und Roms in der Nähe des Forum Romanum

The Romans traced the traditions of the triumph back to their own beginnings. Rome’s legendary founder, Romulus, was the first to celebrate the rite when he defeated and killed Acron, the king of Caenina. The Roman triumph was an ancient martial tradition, a parade with symbolic culmination involved elevating the victorious general (triumphator) to divine status for a single day. The Romans marked his status by staining his face red using the mineral pigment cinnabar. The depictions on the Arch of Titus serve as a visual representation of the Roman victory over the Jewish rebellion and the subsequent devastation of Jerusalem. For many Jewish people, the arch symbolizes the loss of the Second Temple and the dispersion of the Jewish community. It stands as a historical reminder of the Roman conquest and the diaspora that followed. In the summer of 71 C.E. the Roman emperor Vespasian and Titus, his eldest son, had quelled a dangerous revolt in the Roman province of Judea and returned to Rome to celebrate this major accomplishment. Not only that, but the Flavian dynasty (Vespasian and his two sons Titus and Domitian) had succeeded in winning the throne during the year 69 C.E.—a time of bloody civil turmoil known as the “Year of the Four Emperors.” The arch was constructed in 82 CE to commemorate the military victories of the Roman Emperor Titus, particularly his conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The reliefs on the arch depict scenes from the war, including the triumphal procession with Roman soldiers carrying the looted treasures from the Temple, such as the menorah (the seven-branched candelabrum) and the silver trumpets and other spoils of war taken from Jerusalem during the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 CE).

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