Glen Goodall, a veteran of the Vermont Army National
Glen Goodall, a veteran of the Vermont Army National Guard, poses for a photo while serving in the Pacific during World War II. Goodall was a supply sergeant while serving with the 172nd Infantry Regiment, 43rd... More
Change of Responsibilty Garrison Support Command
U.S. Army Command Sgt. Maj. Gus Klein (right) received the model 1840 Noncommissioned Officer Sword at the Vermont Army National Guard Garrison Support Command Change of Responsibility ceremony, Williston, Vt.,... More
An aerial view of the Elizabeth Mine Superfund project
An aerial view of the Elizabeth Mine Superfund project in September 2007.
Cleared for release by Joint Staff Public Affairs
Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, greets U.S. Army Spc. Dennis Morgan, Jr. and Autumn Gustausen during a departure ceremony for Vermont National Guard in Burlington, Vt., on Jan. 8, ... More
Members of the 158th Fighter Wing Security Forces conduct
Members of the 158th Fighter Wing Security Forces conduct Military Operations on Urban Terrain in Essex, Vt., March 9, 2010.
U.S. Air Force Col Michael Morgan processes through
U.S. Air Force Col Michael Morgan processes through the Casualty Contamination Area Line at the Vermont Air National Guard Base, Burlington International Airport, March 25. Morgan is participating in an Operati... More
Maj. Jeffrey Palmer flies a simulation F-16 mission
Maj. Jeffrey Palmer flies a simulation F-16 mission illustrating the new facilities benefits while Col. Douglas Fick and other guests of the event overlook the simulation at the Mission Training Center grand op... More
Construction work gets under way in August 2010, for
Construction work gets under way in August 2010, for the Armed Forces Reserve Center in White River Junction, Vt. Under the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Program, some U.S. military facilities were consolid... More
Senegal president praises Guard partnerships
President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal, Vermont Gov. Jim Douglas and Air Force Maj. Gen. Michael Dubie, the adjutant general of the Vermont National Guard, meet at Camp Johnson, headquarters of the Vermont Nationa... More
Vice President Biden is greeted at the 158th Fighter
Vice President Biden is greeted at the 158th Fighter Wing Vermont Air National Guard Base, Burlington International Airport, by Wing Commander Col Doug Fick, Lt. Col. Richard Lizzari and Lt. Col. Barent Rogers, Nov 1.
Senior Airman Sean Gilbert of the 158th Fighter Wing
Senior Airman Sean Gilbert of the 158th Fighter Wing Maintenance Squadron performs a cockpit inspection on a F-16.
Airman 1st Class Brandon Bunch of the 158th Fighter
Airman 1st Class Brandon Bunch of the 158th Fighter Wing Maintenance Squadron performs a post-engine run inspection in the right main landing gear wheel well on an F16.
U.S. airmen from the 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont Air
U.S. airmen from the 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont Air National Guard, begin boarding for their flight at Burlington International Airport, Jan. 9, 2011. The airmen are heading to South Korea for a training deployment.
Pictured is Staff Sgt Jeff Dorvee.
Pictured is Staff Sgt Jeff Dorvee. Public domain photograph related to army, military forces, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Vermont declares a state of emergency for lake flooding
Vermont declares a state of emergency for lake flooding and Vermont Air National Guard members of the 158th Fighter Wing load sandbags to be distributed around the northwestern part of the state, May 6, 2011.
Joint Chiefs nominee shares vision with Guard senior leaders
Army Gen. Martin Dempsey, the chief of staff of the Army, speaks with Air Force Gen. Craig McKinley, chief of the National Guard Bureau and Air Force Maj. Gen. Michael Dubie, Vermont National Guard adjutant gen... More
First Lady Michelle Obama visits Vermont expressing
First Lady Michelle Obama visits Vermont expressing her appreciation to military families for the sacrifices they have made at the Vermont Army National Guard’s Aviation Support Facility, June 30, 2011.
In response to Tropical Storm Irene, Vermont Army and
In response to Tropical Storm Irene, Vermont Army and Air National Guard members load pallets of water and meals to be distributed to communities in need.
Corps inspects dams after Irene in New England
Col. Charles Samaris, commander and district engineer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, inspects the water and pool levels at Townshend Dam, Townshend, Vt., along with the dam's Project Manag... More
Vermont Army National Guard soldiers make a chain to
Vermont Army National Guard soldiers make a chain to load water and food into a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter operated by the New Hampshire Army National Guard. The supplies were delivered to those in need due to... More
In response to Tropical Storm Irene Vermont Army and
In response to Tropical Storm Irene Vermont Army and Air National Guard members at Camp Johnson load pallets filled with water, food and blankets to be distributed by Illinois National Guard Chinooks to Vermont... More
Illinois National Guard members drop relief supplies
Illinois National Guard members drop relief supplies to Vermont residents cut off after Hurricane Irene from a CH-47 Chinook helicopter on Sept. 1, 2011.
National Guard Vermont Hurricane Irene Relief
Illinois National Guard members drop relief supplies to Vermont residents cut off after Hurricane Irene from a CH-47 Chinook helicopter on Sept. 1, 2011.
Vermont National Guard members take a break in Hurricane
Vermont National Guard members take a break in Hurricane Irene response, Sept. 2, 2011, at the Rutland Memorial Armory where they are sleeping during breaks between shifts.
A volunteer in Moretown, Vt., is prepared for work
A volunteer in Moretown, Vt., is prepared for work as he walks through town in the days after Tropical Storm Irene flooded the area.
Part of a 118-truck convoy of troops and heavy equipment
Part of a 118-truck convoy of troops and heavy equipment sent by the Maine National Guard to help the Vermont National Guard support civil authorities working on Vermont's recovery from Hurricane Irene stops in... More
Vermont Air National Guard members move and load pallets
Vermont Air National Guard members move and load pallets of water and meals in preparation to load trucks and helicopters for delivery to communities in need.
Vermont National Guard members work to fix state roads
Vermont National Guard members work to fix state roads damaged by flooding after Hurricane Irene, Sept. 4, 2011. The Vermont National Guard's Task Force Green Mountain Spirit is supporting civil authorities on ... More
A Maine National Guard member works to stabilize a
A Maine National Guard member works to stabilize a river channel after Hurricane Irene in Pittsfield, Vt., on Sept. 5, 2011.
The Virginia National Guard soldiers complete administrative
The Virginia National Guard soldiers complete administrative paperwork and conduct maintenance checks on 20-ton dump trucks, Sept. 5, at Fort Pickett in preparation for moving the vehicles to Vermont. The Virgi... More
Sgt. Wesley Black surveys damage of a house in Pittsfield,
Sgt. Wesley Black surveys damage of a house in Pittsfield, Vt., while on a mission with the Vermont Army National Guard to make contact with Vermont towns recovering from Tropical Storm Irene to assess the need... More
Traffic is stopped in Pittsfield, Vt., on Sept. 6,
Traffic is stopped in Pittsfield, Vt., on Sept. 6, 2011, as members of the Maine National Guard supporting the Vermont Guard's Task Force Green Mountain Spirit work with civilians to restore a bridge damaged by... More
Maine Army National Guard supports the Vermont National
Maine Army National Guard supports the Vermont National Guard with the flooding near Pittsfield, Vt.
Army Spc. David Jett and Army Spc. Sean Peterson of
Army Spc. David Jett and Army Spc. Sean Peterson of the 157th Engineers, seen here on U.S. Highway 4 east of Rutland, Vt., are among Virginia National Guard members supporting the Vermont National Guard's Task ... More
Vermont and Ohio National Guard Engineers work to repair
Vermont and Ohio National Guard Engineers work to repair a bridge washed out by Tropical Storm Irene floodwaters on Vt. Rte 131 in Cavendish, Vt.
Members of the 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont Air National
Members of the 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont Air National Guard, pay tribute to 10 years since the 9/11 tragedy.
Virginia National Guard members work to repair Hurricane
Virginia National Guard members work to repair Hurricane Irene's damage to U.S. Highway 4 in Vermont on Sept. 12. The Virginia National Guard has been supporting the Vermont National Guard's Task Force Green Mo... More
NORTHCOM nominee - A man in a military uniform is looking at a map
Air Force Maj. Gen. Michael Dubie, adjutant general of the Vermont National Guard, surveys progress in the state's recovery from Hurricane Irene from a UH-72 Lakota helicopter on Sept. 12, 2011. Dubie has been ... More
U.S. Army Maj. Gen. John W. Libby, adjutant general
U.S. Army Maj. Gen. John W. Libby, adjutant general of the Maine National Guard, visits with Army Spc. Michael Allen at the U.S. Armed Forces Reserve Center in Rutland, Vt., during a Sept. 12, tour of progress ... More
Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and Wing Commander Col.
Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and Wing Commander Col. Douglas Fick attend the Vermont Air National Guard ribbon cutting ceremony announcing the completion of the solar power array at the 158th Fighter Wing in Sou... More
Airman 1st Class Eric Taft stands with Airman 1st Class
Airman 1st Class Eric Taft stands with Airman 1st Class Peter Taft next to munitions that need to be unloaded. They are the youngest set of brothers in the munitions shop here at the Vermont Air National Guard.
Airman 1st Class Richard Beach, a cyber systems operator
Airman 1st Class Richard Beach, a cyber systems operator in Information Operations in Norwich is the VTANG’s Airman of the Year.
Col. David Baczewski accepts command of the 158th Fighter
Col. David Baczewski accepts command of the 158th Fighter Wing during a change of command ceremony Jan. 8, 2012, in South Burlington, Vt.
5 and counting - A woman holding a sign that says 5 and counting
Airman Tamera Cary with the maintenance operations at VTANG gets recruiters for five new airmen.
Dr. Carolyn Basiliere - A woman in a red jacket smiles at the camera
Dr. Carolyn Basiliere is the new 158th wing director of psychological health.
Senior Master Sgt. Jeffrey Soja of the 202nd Weather
Senior Master Sgt. Jeffrey Soja of the 202nd Weather Flight, Otis Air National Guard Base, Mass., shoots a target in the prone position from 50 meters using a .22-caliber rifle. Three members of the Massachuset... More
Members from the Vermont Air National Guard repaint
Members from the Vermont Air National Guard repaint an F-16 tail in South Burlington International Airport, March 11, 2012.
Staff Sgt. Darren Adams and A1C Megan Robitaille, of
Staff Sgt. Darren Adams and A1C Megan Robitaille, of the Vermont Air National Guard Honor Guard, demonstrate ceremonial movements at the South Burlington International Airport, March 13, 2012.
Staff Sgt. Darren Adams and Airman 1st Class Megan
Staff Sgt. Darren Adams and Airman 1st Class Megan Robitaille, of the Vermont Air National Guard Honor Guard, demonstrate ceremonial movements at the South Burlington International Airport, March 13, 2012.
Staff Sgt. Darren Adams and A1C Megan Robitaille, of
Staff Sgt. Darren Adams and A1C Megan Robitaille, of the Vermont Air National Guard Honor Guard, demonstrate ceremonial movements at the South Burlington International Airport, March 13, 2012.
Master Sgt. Jeff Mitchell works with Maj. Brian Lepine
Master Sgt. Jeff Mitchell works with Maj. Brian Lepine during Vermont's hurricane scenario training using the Emergency Management Staff Trainer, March 29, 2012. Vermont is the fourth state to use this new trai... More
A member of the Abenaki-Sokoki tribe dances at the
A member of the Abenaki-Sokoki tribe dances at the Warrior Spirit Pow Wow at Plumley Armory on Norwich University's campus.
The Vermont Air National Guard starts construction
The Vermont Air National Guard starts construction on the new Security Forces building, which will be next to the new base entrance on Poor Farm Road.
Members of the Vermont Air National Guard gathered
Members of the Vermont Air National Guard gathered together for an All Enlisted Call with the Command Chief of the Air National Guard, Chris Muncy, at the 158th Fighter Wing, South Burlington, Vt., April 15, 20... More
Command Chief Master Sergeant of the Air National Guard
Command Chief Master Sergeant of the Air National Guard visits 158th Fighter Wing and speaks to the members of the Vermont Air National Guard at the Burlington International Airport in South Burlington, Vt., Ap... More
Members of the 158th Maintenance Group test an electric
Members of the 158th Maintenance Group test an electric jammer at the Vermont Air National Guard Base, South Burlington, Vt., May 6, 2012. This new technology has given the Guard members the opportunity to tra... More
Celebrating graduation - A group of people in military uniforms throwi...
Students toss their caps in the air upon graduating from Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont, May 13, 2012. Norwich University, the nation's first private military college, was the birthplace of the Army ... More
Donald Lamson, father of Tech. Sgt. Timothy Lamson,
Donald Lamson, father of Tech. Sgt. Timothy Lamson, was in World War II. Donald now suffers from Alzheimer’s, and in his memory Timothy will be running a marathon.
Senior Master Sgt. Craig Sanborn prepares to donate
Senior Master Sgt. Craig Sanborn prepares to donate platelets at the American Red Cross Center in Burlington, Vt., July 18, 2012. He donates platelets every three weeks.
International interoperability
Staff Sgt. Bradley Cormier an Army Mountain Warfare School instructor follows behind a group of Uzbek soldiers lead by 1st Sgt. Jared Smith, as they traverse across a cliff face on July 18th, at Camp Ethan Alle... More
U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Michael Dubie waves to the
U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Michael Dubie waves to the crowd as Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin and U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Thomas Drew applaud during a change of command ceremony at Camp Johnson, Colchester, Vt., Aug. 3,... More
Afghan soldier, Marine share unique friendship
Lance Cpl. Christopher Lynch stands with Sgt. Shafieullah on Camp Shorabak, Aug. 27, 2012. Lynch, an aviation electrician, advises Shafieullah on how to fix computers for their communications shop. They have bu... More
U.S. Air Force Senior Airman Andrew Bueno, left, and
U.S. Air Force Senior Airman Andrew Bueno, left, and Master Sgt. Glenn Cota, both with a community basing program, 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont Air National Guard, inspect an F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft at the... More
U.S Air Force Master Sgt. Gregory Reynolds fires as
U.S Air Force Master Sgt. Gregory Reynolds fires as he is clocked during a competition at the Lamoille Valley Fish and Game Club, Morrisville, Vt., Sept. 30, 2012. Reynolds was participating as a member of the ... More
Photograph of Tech. Sgt. Lindsey Bond, maintenance
Photograph of Tech. Sgt. Lindsey Bond, maintenance analyst, and Master Sgt. Eric Loiselle, both with 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont Air National Guard. (National Guard photo by A1C Jon Alderman)
U.S. Air Force Chief Master Sgt. William LaPointe,
U.S. Air Force Chief Master Sgt. William LaPointe, Vermont State Command Chief and Chief Master Sgt. Robert Letourneau, 158th Fighter Wing Command Chief, bow their heads during a moment of silence at the Vermon... More
U.S. Air Force Col. Donald Majercik, state flight surgeon
U.S. Air Force Col. Donald Majercik, state flight surgeon with the Vermont Air National Guard, surpassed 1,000 hours of flying time in the F-16 Fighting Falcon at the Burlington International Airport, South Bur... More
On the first of December 1,200 Vermont Air and Army
On the first of December 1,200 Vermont Air and Army National Guard members filed into the Sheraton Hotel and Conference Center in Burlington, Vt. Hosted by Mr. Antonio Pomerleau, a local philanthropist, each se... More
Medics Spc. Josh Bolduc and Spc. Destiny Charlebois,
Medics Spc. Josh Bolduc and Spc. Destiny Charlebois, members of Vermont Army National Guard Medical Command practice removing an injured patient, 1st. Lt. Jo Speaker from a simulated car accident at the Vermont... More
Scouts with Alpha Troop, 1st Squadron, 172nd Cavalry
Scouts with Alpha Troop, 1st Squadron, 172nd Cavalry Regiment, Vermont Army National Guard, tested their resiliency with cold weather and mountaineering training, where the temperature was 0 degrees and steadil... More
Members of the 15th Civil Support Team, survey a room
Members of the 15th Civil Support Team, survey a room at an abandoned portion of the Vermont State Hospital as part of their external evaluation by U.S. Army North in in Waterbury, Vt., Feb. 7, 2013. (U.S. Army... More
U.S. Soldiers with Bravo Company, 186th Brigade Support
U.S. Soldiers with Bravo Company, 186th Brigade Support Battalion, 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, return to the firing line during winter weapons familiarization training at the Camp Ethan Allen Training Si... More
U.S. Army Lt. Col. Brian O'Keefe, with the New York
U.S. Army Lt. Col. Brian O'Keefe, with the New York Army National Guard, represents the New York National Guard for the first time in competition, during the Sprint portion of the 2013 National Guard Eastern Re... More
An instructor with the U.S. Army's Mountain Warfare
An instructor with the U.S. Army's Mountain Warfare School leads Soldiers on an ascent through a ravine at Smugglers' Notch, Vt., Feb. 14, 2013. The two-week course is taught by the Vermont National Guard at Et... More
Massachusetts Army National Guard Lt. Stephen Fiola,
Massachusetts Army National Guard Lt. Stephen Fiola, coaches Air National Guard Senior Master Sgt. Jeffrey Soja at Camp Ripley, Minn., on Feb. 23, 2013. Over 400 members of the army and Air National Guard acros... More
U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Steven Cray and U.S. Army
U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Steven Cray and U.S. Army Col. Michael Heston speak with the Macedonian Ambassador Zoran Jolevski and his wife Suzana Jolevska, March 1, 2013 at Camp Johnson, Colchester, Vt. Ambassad... More
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Jason Cormier with the 131st Engineer
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Jason Cormier with the 131st Engineer Company, Vermont National Guard, zeros his M16 rifle during training at the Westminster Training Site in Westminster, Vt., March 2, 2013. (U.S. Army ph... More
A U.S. Soldier with Charile Troop, 1st Squadron 172nd
A U.S. Soldier with Charile Troop, 1st Squadron 172nd Cavalry Regiment, Vermont Army National Guard, steps off the side of a swimming pool during the blindfolded section of the combat water survival test March ... More
158th recognizes deploying airmen
Six members of the Vermont National Guard were presented the Green Mountain Boy Battleflag by Maj. Gen. Steven Cray, during a deployment recognition ceremony at the 158th Fighter Wing, Fire Station, March 29, 2013.
Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts,
Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts, educators sprint off a bus onto “the Yellow Footprints,” while taking part in the Educators Workshop on Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, S.C., Apri... More
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. David T. Rondeau with the Alpha
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. David T. Rondeau with the Alpha Company, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment, received the Meritorious Service Medal at the Camp Ethan Allen Training Site in Jericho, Vt. April 6, 2013, ... More
Members of the Vermont Army and Air National Guard
Members of the Vermont Army and Air National Guard prepare to transport the remainder of an F-94 Starfire at the Burlington International Airport, South Burlington, Vt., May 4, 2013. The F-94's engine and tail ... More
U.S. Soldiers with the Vermont Army National Guard's
U.S. Soldiers with the Vermont Army National Guard's Charlie Company, 3rd Battalion, 126th Aviation Regiment unload a helicopter bucket from an HH-60M Black Hawk at the Camp Ethan Allen Training Site in Jericho... More
1st Lt. Angela Lakey honored with Federal Employee of the Year Award
First Lt. Angela Lakey was presented with the Federal Employee of the Year award at a banquet at the Hampton Inn in Colchester, Vt., May 10, 2013. Lakey is the Sexual Assault Response Coordinator for the Vermon... More
Vermont Army National Guard Staff Sgt. Larose, a 124th
Vermont Army National Guard Staff Sgt. Larose, a 124th Regional Training Institute instructor assists another soldier with placing a breaching charge at Camp Ethan Allen Training Site, Jericho, Vt., May 11, 201... More
U.S. Army National Guard Brig. Gen. William Roy is
U.S. Army National Guard Brig. Gen. William Roy is pinned with the rank of major general by his father Henry Roy, a World War II United States Marine Corps veteran, and his wife, Daneen Roy, at Camp Johnson, Co... More
U.S. Army National Guard 1st Sgt. Kevin Mulcahey, left,
U.S. Army National Guard 1st Sgt. Kevin Mulcahey, left, and Capt. Zachariah Fike with Bravo Troop, 1st Squadron, 172nd Cavalry Regiment (RSTA) (Mountain), prepare to conduct a movement during an air assault exe... More
Runners start the Vermont Remembers Run at Camp Johnson,
Runners start the Vermont Remembers Run at Camp Johnson, Vt., on Sept. 7, 2013. The event is an 11K run or military ruck march. There is also a 5K course for some event goers. The event benefits the Vermont Nat... More
Soldiers and airmen of the Vermont National Guard stand
Soldiers and airmen of the Vermont National Guard stand ready for the opening shot of the 2013 Vermont TAG Match.
Spc. Adam R. Dimick, 131st Engineers, Vermont Army
Spc. Adam R. Dimick, 131st Engineers, Vermont Army National Guard, guides a road grader driven by Sgt. Cody A. Trombley, 131st Engineers, onto a lowboy semi-trailer at Camp Ethan Allen Training Site, Vt., for t... More
World War II POW recalls wartime experiences
Richard H. Hamilton poses for a photograph while giving an interview at his home in Brattleboro, Vt., Nov. 13, 2013. Hamilton recounted wartime stories during which he was a Prisoner of War during World War II.... More
Pfc. Jamie Chadurjian, Vermont Army National Guard,
Pfc. Jamie Chadurjian, Vermont Army National Guard, sights in a 60mm mortar for a training exercise at Camp Ethan Allen Training Site at Jericho, Vt., Jan. 11, 2014. (U.S. Army National Guard Photo by Staff Sgt... More
A soldier from the 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment
A soldier from the 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment peers through the viewfinder of a TOW Missile System during a training exercise at Camp Ethan Allen Training Site at Jericho, Vt., on Jan. 11, 2014. (Ph... More
A color guard from 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment,
A color guard from 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment, stands ready for the Valorous Unit Award ceremony at Norwich University, Northfield, Vt. Jan. 12, 2014. The battalion received the award for their acti... More
Soldiers with the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team
Soldiers with the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), in partnership with active duty service members and DoD civilians preformed a successful Command Post Exercise, or CPX during August’s drill weeke... More
Sgt. 1st Class Jennifer Akoa, a retirement services
Sgt. 1st Class Jennifer Akoa, a retirement services noncommissioned officer in charge for Joint Force Headquarters, Maine Army National Guard, adjusts the Anshutz 22 rifle before her turn on at the Eastern Regi... More
Pfc. Dan Lascala-O'Keefe, an infantryman with Mortar
Pfc. Dan Lascala-O'Keefe, an infantryman with Mortar Section, Headquarters, Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment, applies chains to his Humvee during his unit's drill weekend at the Camp... More
National Guard Soldier Spc. Fredrick Burney, 86th
National Guard Soldier Spc. Fredrick Burney, 86th Brigade Special Troops Battalion, Headquarters Headquarters Company, Detachment 1 Military Police, qualifies with the .50-caliber M2 machine gun with help from... More
Dirt flies as Cadet James Montgomery, with Headquarters,
Dirt flies as Cadet James Montgomery, with Headquarters, Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), swings a pick axe to chip through the frozen earth to set a 81mm Mortar base pla... More
U.S. soldiers with the Army Mountain Warfare Basic
U.S. soldiers with the Army Mountain Warfare Basic Mountaineering and Advanced Instructor courses, climb Smugglers' Notch in Cambridge, Vt., Feb. 20, 2014. This is the final tasking of the students prior to gra... More