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History repeats itself / J. Keppler., Political Cartoon

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Summary

Illustration shows Julius Caesar or a Roman centurion, in the background, tumbling off a pillar of stones labeled "Rome, Etruria, Britain, Asia, [and] Africa", and in the middle distance, on a bit of land labeled "France", Napoleon I tumbling off a pillar of stones labeled "Egypt, Italy, Spain, Holland, Austria, Prussia, [and] Russia" and falling toward a rocky island labeled "St. Helena". In the foreground, John Bull is standing atop a pillar of stones labeled "Scotland, Ireland, Malta, Gibraltar, India, Australia, Cyprus, Egypt, [and] Soudan [sic]" on a bit of land labeled "England"; the stones are propped up by various types of weapons, with the top two stones supported by a steamship, though the top stone "Soudan" appears about to fall off.

Illus. from Puck, v. 17, no. 420, (1885 March 25), centerfold.

Copyright 1885 by Keppler & Schwarzmann.

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. Born: August 15, 1769, Ajaccio, France. Died: May 5, 1821, in exile on the island of Saint Helena. He became the first emperor of France. His drive for military expansion changed the world.

In 1225, the Teutonic Knights, a military order of crusading knights, headquartered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem at Acre transferred their operations to the Baltic Sea where Order engaged in numerous armed conflicts until Order's lands came into the hands of a branch of the Hohenzollern family, who already ruled the Brandenburg. The resulting state, known as Brandenburg-Prussia, commonly known as "Prussia", consisted of geographically disconnected territories in Prussia, Brandenburg, and the Rhineland. During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), armies repeatedly marched across the territories so Hohenzollerns had to build a powerful military to protect disconnected lands. "Prussia" developed one of the most powerful armies in Europe. Mirabeau said: "Prussia, is not a state with an army, but an army with a state." More than 20,000 Protestant refugees from Salzburg settled in thinly populated eastern Prussia. Prussia engaged in wars with Poland, Lithuania, numerous German States, Habsburg Austria, France, and Russia proving Prussia's status as one of the great powers of Europe. By 1813, Prussia could mobilize almost 300,000 soldiers. Prussian troops contributed crucially in the Battle of Waterloo - the final victory over Napoleon. Prussia invited the immigration of Protestant refugees (especially Huguenots). For protestants, Prussia was a safe haven in much the same way that the United States welcomed immigrants seeking freedom in the 19th century. Frederick the Great, the first "King of Prussia" introduced a general civil code, abolished torture and established the principle that the Crown would not interfere in matters of justice. He promoted an advanced secondary education which prepares the brightest pupils for university studies. The Prussian education system was emulated in various countries, including the United States. The first half of the 19th century saw a prolonged struggle between those who wanted a united Germany and others who wanted to maintain Germany as a patchwork of independent, monarchical states with Prussia and Austria competing for influence. In 1862 Prussian King Wilhelm I appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister. Bismarck guided Prussia through a series of wars resulting in a formation of the North German Confederation that united all German-speaking peoples, excluding Austria, which remained connected to non-German territories. On 18 January 1871, William was proclaimed "German Emperor". World War I ended Prussia’s supremacy. The abolition of the political power of the aristocracy transformed Prussia into a region strongly dominated by the left-wing of the political spectrum. Prussia lost territories and became a Land under the Weimar Republic. After the rise to power of Adolf Hitler in 1933, the Prussian constitution was set aside and the legislature abolished. World War II led to the abolition of Prussia with most the land ceded over to Poland. The German population was expelled and fled to the Western occupation zones. The number of casualties is estimated at 2 to 4 million, including those who fled during the last months of the war. 25 February 1947, Prussia was officially proclaimed to be dissolved.

Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography, introduced the subject of colored lithography in 1818. Printers in other countries, such as France and England, were also started producing color prints. The first American chromolithograph—a portrait of Reverend F. W. P. Greenwood—was created by William Sharp in 1840. Chromolithographs became so popular in American culture that the era has been labeled as "chromo civilization". During the Victorian times, chromolithographs populated children's and fine arts publications, as well as advertising art, in trade cards, labels, and posters. They were also used for advertisements, popular prints, and medical or scientific books.

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Tags

caesar julius napoleon emperor of the french john bull symbolic character imperialism falling arms and armament soldiers roman cartoons commentary chromolithographs color periodical illustrations keppler bonaparte emperor julius caesar political cartoons vintage images russian empire russia roman empire roman emperor italy rome 19th century napoleon bonaparte 18th century history of rome history of russia joseph ferdinand keppler print ultra high resolution high resolution malta napoleon i library of congress historical photos australia
date_range

Date

01/01/1885
person

Contributors

Keppler, Joseph Ferdinand, 1838-1894, artist
collections

in collections

Napoleon Bonaparte

The First Emperor of France.

Prussia

The most powerful German State.

Chromolithographs

Chromolithograph is printed by multiple applications of lithographic stones, each using a different color ink.
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Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

http://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication.

label_outline Explore Caesar Julius, Joseph Ferdinand Keppler, Falling

Torma militare occupata in varie faccende; tra loro è notabile un cavaliere straniero.

[Assignment: 59-CF-DS-11872A-04] Reception at Harry S. Truman Building for actress Angelina Jolie, greeted by Department officials and staff [including Secretary Colin Powell, Under Secretary for Global Affairs Paula Dobriansky, and Secretary's Open Forum Chairman William Keppler. Jolie participated in Open Forum panel discussion of the documentary film that she narrated, "Trading Women," an investigation of Southeast Asian sex trafficking.] [Photographer: Ann Thomas--State] [59-CF-DS-11872A-04_DSC_0060.JPG]

[A Russian officer and a Japanese officer are standing on a large map, the Japanese officer has pulled up a piece of the map causing the Russian officer to slip and fall]

[Arms of the British forces] - Public domain print

"Who's first, gents?" / J.S. Pughe., Political Cartoon

Thomas L. James, the man who stamped out the Star Route swindle / J. Keppler.

[Assignment: 59-CF-DS-11872A-04] Reception at Harry S. Truman Building for actress Angelina Jolie, greeted by Department officials and staff [including Secretary Colin Powell, Under Secretary for Global Affairs Paula Dobriansky, and Secretary's Open Forum Chairman William Keppler. Jolie participated in Open Forum panel discussion of the documentary film that she narrated, "Trading Women," an investigation of Southeast Asian sex trafficking.] [Photographer: Ann Thomas--State] [59-CF-DS-11872A-04_DSC_0026.JPG]

A conquered nation led away captive. (Kouyunjik) [Kuyunjik][Quyunjik].

"Citizens! I discharge you." - Public domain historical image

"Dar now I knowed yer was breeding mischief" Thomas Worth

Military uniforms: Austria, Officier der Trenk'schen Panduren, 1742

Whoa - stereoscopic view, public domain photorpaph

Topics

caesar julius napoleon emperor of the french john bull symbolic character imperialism falling arms and armament soldiers roman cartoons commentary chromolithographs color periodical illustrations keppler bonaparte emperor julius caesar political cartoons vintage images russian empire russia roman empire roman emperor italy rome 19th century napoleon bonaparte 18th century history of rome history of russia joseph ferdinand keppler print ultra high resolution high resolution malta napoleon i library of congress historical photos australia